JAMES II. 229 JAMES sence, for which he was murdered in his bed in 1437. JAMES H.; born in 1430. succeeded the preceding king, his father, at the age of seven years. He assisted Charles VII. of France against the English, and punished rigorously those lords who had revolted against him. He was killed at the siege of Roxburgh in 1460. JAMES III.; born about 1453, was the son and successor of the above, and ascended the throne in 1460. He put to death his brother John, and committed so many cruelties that his subjects re- volted. He was killed in 1488. JAMES IV.; born about 1473, suc- ceeded his father, the last-mentioned, at the age of about 15 years. He defeated the rebellious lords, and assisted Louis XII., King of France, against the Eng- lish; but was slain at the battle of Flod- den Field, in 1513. JAMES v., the son of the above; born in 1512, was only a year old at the time of his father's death. At the age of 17 he assumed the government, and assisted Francis I. of France against the Em- peror Charles V., for which the French king gave him his daughter Margaret in marriage. On her decease, he married Mary of Lorraine, daughter of Claude, Duke of Guise. On his death, James left his crown to Mary Stuart, his daugh- ter. He died in 1542. JAMES I., of England and VI. of Scotland; born in the castle of Edin- burgh, in 1566, was the son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, by Mary, Queen of Scots, daughter of James V. When only a year old he was proclaimed king, on the forced resignation of his mother, and in 1603 he succeeded Queen Elizabeth on the English throne. A plot was soon after discovered to seize on him, and place his cousin, the Lady Arabella Stuart, on the English throne in his stead, for which Lords Cobhara and Grey, and Sir Walter Raleigh were in- dicted. But, in 1605, the more desperate attempt to blow up the king, prince, and both houses of Parliament, known as the Gun-powder Plot, was discovered, for which Guy Fawkes and many other per- sons were executed. In 1606, he estab- lished episcopacy in Scotland, and made peace with Spain. In 1612, his son. Prince Henry, by Anne of Denmark, died, and the same year his daughter was mar- ried to Frederick, the elector-palatine. One of the greatest blots of his reign was the execution of Sir Walter Raleigh. He died in 1625. JAMES II., of England; born in Lon- don in 1633. He was the second son of Charles I. He was declared Duke of York soon after his birth. At the Restoration he returned to England, where he secretly married Anne Hyde, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon, by whom he had two daughters, who after- ward became queens of England; viz., Mary and Anne. In the Dutch war he signalized himself as commander of the JAMES II. OF ENGLAND English fleet, and showed great skill and bravery. On the death of his first wife, he married Mary Beatrix of Modena. He succeeded to the throne on the death of Charles II. in 1685; but his zeal for the Roman Catholic religion leading him into measures subversive of the consti- tution the Prince of Orange, who had married his daughter Mary, was invited to England by several of the English nobility, and the king, finding himself abandoned by his friends, withdrew to France. He died in St. Germain in 1701. JAMES, DANIEL WILLIS, an Amer- ican philanthropist and merchant, born in Liverpool, England, in 1832. In his early youth he entered the employ of Phelps, Dodge & Co., in New York. He soon became a member of the firm and acquired a large fortune. He gave large sums to various institutions, in- cluding the Union Theological Seminary, Amherst and Oberlin colleges, Columbia University and the Cathedral of St. John the Divine. At his death he left large legacies to these and other colleges and organizations. To the town of Madi- son, N. J., he presented a public park, a library, and an assembly hall. JAMES, EDMUND JANES, an Amer- ican educator, born in Jacksonville, 111.^ in 1856. He was educated at the Illinois,
