LUDENSCHEID 32 ITTDLOW burg from retirement and appointed him to the command of the German armies in East Prussia, after the disastrous initial defeat suffered at the hands of the Russians, shortly after hostilities broke out. From then until the final collapse of the German military organi- zation, in 1918, Ludendorff retained his commanding position, nor was he greatly discredited in the minds of the German Imperialists by the final defeat of his armies. LUDENSCHEID, Prussia, Germany, a town in Westphalia, 33 miles N. E. of Cologne. It is of considerable im- portance as a manufacturing center for hardware, musical instruments, canes, and cotton goods. Pop. about 35,000. LUDERITZ BAY, Southwest Africa, on whose shore the settlement of Angra Fequeiia was established by a German trader, Liideritz, in 1883. It became the center of the German Southwest African possessions, the ■harbor, though poor, be- ing the best in the region. Luderitz Bay was one of the first settlements to be lost by the Germans after the outbreak of the war, in 1914. The place was abandoned by the German forces in the second week of August, 1914, after as much of the harbor facilities as possible had been destroyed. Later this point was made the base of a South African army under General Sir Duncan Mac- kenzie in its operations against the Ger- man forces in the interior. LUDHIANA (16-de-a'na), capital of the Ludhiana district (area, 1,375 square miles; pop. 650,000), in Punjab, India, situated 8 miles from the Sutlej, and the North Western railroad ; is a thriving grain mart and has manufactures of Cashmere shawls, scarfs, cottons, tur- bans, furniture, and carriages. The chief feature of the place is the shrine of a Mohammedan saint which attracts a large concourse of pilgrims every vear. Pop. about 50,000. LTJDINGTON, a city and county-seat of Mason co., Mich., on Lake Michigan and the Pere Marquette and the Luding- ton and Northern raih'oads; 84 miles N. E. of Milwaukee. It is in a salt and fruit region; has an excellent lake har- bor; regular passenger and steamboat connection with all important lake ports; and numerous lumber-working, salt-mak- ing, foundry and machine shop estab- lishments. There are electric light plants, high and graded public schools, public library, street railroads; Holly system of waterworks. National banks, and newspapers. Pop. (1910) 9,132; (1920) 8,810. LUDLOW, a market-town and muni- cipal borough of Shropshire, England, at the Corve's influx to the Teme, 28 miles S. of Shrewsbury. It is a very old and interesting place, with two noble monuments of antiquity: First, the mas- sive Norman keep, 110 feet high, of the castle, where Prince Arthur wedded Catharine of Aragon, and died less than five months afterward; where, in lAie banqueting-hall, Milton produced his "Comus," and where Butler wrote "Hu- dibras"; captured by King Stephen, the Lancastrians, and the Roundheads, it was finally dismantled in 1689. Secondly, the cruciform collegiate church (restored in 1863). Perpendicular in style, with a tower 130 feet high. The grammar school, founded in 1282, and refounded in 1552, is almost the oldest in Great Britain; and one of seven gates still re- mains. _ Pop. about 6,000. LUDLOW, EDMUND, an English re- publican; born in Maiden Bradley, Wilt- shire, England, in 1617. He studied at Trinity College, Oxford; and at the out- break of the Civil War was a student in the Temple. He volunteered in Essex's lifeguards, saw service under Waller and Fairfax, was returned in his father's place to Parliament for Wiltshire in 1645, sat among the king's judges, and had a place in the council of state of the commonwealth. In 1651 he was sent to Ireland as lieutenant-general of horse. He refused to recognize Cromwell's pro- tectorate, and till his death took no fur- ther part in public affairs. Returned to Parliament for Hindon in 1659, he urged the restoration of the Rump, held com- mand again for a few months in Ire- land, and was nominated by Lambert to the committee of safety. Four months after the Restoration he fled to France for safety, making his way to Vevay, Switzerland, where he lived in security. After the Revolution he returned to England, but, threatened with arrest, he returned to Vevay, and died there in 1692. LUDLOW, WILLIAM, an American military officer; born in Islip, L. I., Nov. 27, 1843; was graduated at the United States Naval Academy and appointed a 1st lieutenant in the Engineer Corps in 1864; served through the remainder of the war; was president of the United States Nicaragua Canal Commission in 1895 ; commissioned Brigadier-General of volunteers and was made chief en^- neer of the army destined for Cuba, in May, 1898. During the Santiago cam- paign he commanded the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, of the American army, and participated in the battles of El Caney
