portraits. Went to Italy in 1777; returned three years later to London, and fairly entered into competition with Opie, at a time when Reynolds, West, Barry, and Fuseli largely occupied public attention. From his studio, on Clifford Street, Northcote sent forth many historical pictures, such as The Murder of the Princes in the Tower (1786), Hubert and Arthur, The Death of Wat Tyler, painted for Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery, which, thanks to a certain dignity and narrative ability, met with considerable favour. His best work, however, was in portraiture of a semi-historical nature, examples of which are his portraits of Viscount Exmouth and Dr. Jenner. During the last fifteen years of his life he painted about sixty portraits, the best of which give him a high place in the ranks of his distinguished contemporaries. He became an A.R.A. in 1786 and R.A. in 1787. At the age of eighty-one he painted the portrait of himself, in the National Portrait Gallery. Northcote had literary ability of no mean order, as proved by his Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds (1813), and his Life and Times of Titian (1830).—Dutton Cook, 244; Fortnightly Rev. (1876), xxv. 861; Once a Week (1860), iv. 373; Redgrave; Ch. Blanc, École anglaise; F. de Conches, 316; Sandby, i. 202.
NORTHEN, ADOLF, born at Münden,
Hanover, Nov. 6, 1828, died in Düsseldorf,
May 28, 1876. Battle painter, pupil of Düsseldorf
Academy; painted chiefly scenes
from the campaigns of Napoleon, in some
of which he had fought, but also mediæval
and romantic genre scenes. Works: Guerillas
with Captured Frenchmen (1852); Skirmish
on the Göhrde (1852), Hildesheim
Museum; Marauders of the Great Army in
1812; Sally of the Hanoverian Troops at
Menin in 1794; Napoleon's Retreat from
Russia (several times); Episodes in Spanish
War of Independence; Episode in Battle of
Waterloo, Provinzialmuseum, Hanover; Tyrolese
Landsturm in 1809; General Cambronne
taken Prisoner by Colonel Halket;
Hanoverian Battalions in Battle of Waterloo
(1861), Storming of Planchenois in 1815 by
the Prussians (1863), Kunsthalle, Hamburg;
Battle of Vittoria; Skirmish at Oeversee;
Before the Düppel Earthworks; Cavalry
and Infantry Skirmishes in Campaigns of
1866 and 1870-71; Girl in Woods; Gypsies
on Road; Falcon-Chase.—Blanckarts,
113; Kunst-Chronik, xi. 643; Meyer, Conv.
Lex., xvii. 643; Wolfg. Müller, Düsseldf. K.,
170.
NORTHWEST PASSAGE, Sir John
Everett Millais, Bart., C. F. H. Bolckow,
Middleborough; canvas, H. 5 ft. 9 in. × 7
ft. 3 in. Painted in 1874, when the public
mind was exercised about the fate of some
Arctic explorers. In a room, through the
open windows of which is seen the sea, are
seated two figures—an aged seaman, in navy
blue (portrait of E. J. Trelawney, friend of
Byron and Shelley), intently listening, and a
young lady, dressed in white with a rose-*coloured
fichu, reading aloud from a book
on Arctic discovery lying on her lap. A sea
picture is on the wall, and a Japanese screen
in the background is draped with a large
Union Jack. Royal Academy, 1874; Exposition
universelle, Paris, 1878. Etched by
M. Mongin in "Modern Artists."—London
Illus. News (1885).
NOTER, DAVID DE, born in Ghent,
contemporary. Still-life painter of distinction.
Medals: 1845, 1852. Lives in Algiers.
Works: Domestic Cares; Old Vases
with Flowers (1875); Kitchen Interior, View
of Algiers (1876); Favourite's Portion,
Grapes, Watermelons, and Flowers (1877);
Lady binding Bouquet, Antique Vase, Two
Monuments in Algiers (1878); Still-Life (2,
1880), Stettin Museum.—Bellier, ii. 169;
Journal des B. Arts (1860), 144; Müller,
397.
NOTER, PIETER FRANÇOIS DE, the
younger, born at Waelhem, Feb. 23, 1779,
died in Ghent in 1842. Landscape and
marine painter, studied from nature; visited
Switzerland, France, and Holland, and became
professor at Ghent Academy. Member
of Amsterdam, Antwerp, and Ghent
