JUSTINIANA. JUSTINIA'NA. [Carthago : IIadrumetum.] JUSTINIA'NA PRIJIA. [Scupi.] JUSTINIANO'POLIS. 1. A city in Epeirus, fui-merly called Hadrianopolis. [Hadriajiopolis.] 2. The later name of Hadnimetum in Africa. [Hadrumetum.] JUTHUNGI ('lovdovyyoi), a German tribe dwelling on the banks of the Danube. They are described by some ancient writers as a part of the Alemanni (Amra. Marc. xvii. 6); but they belonged more probably to the Gothic race : even their name seems to be only another form for Gothi or Gothones. (Ambros. Ej)ist. 20.) Dexippus, from frhom we learn most about their history, calls them a Scythian tribe, which, however, clearly means that they were Goths. In the reign of the emperor Am'elian the Juthungi invaded Italy, and, being defeated, they sued for peace, but were obliged to return without having effected their purpose : afterwards they made prepa- rations for another invasion. (Dexip. pp. 11, 12, 18, 19, 21, ed. Niebahr and Bekker.) In these wars, however, they never appeared alone, but always in conjunction with others, either Alemannians, Sue'i, or Goths. (See Eisenschmidt, de Origine Ostro- ffothorum et Vmgothonim, p. 26; Latham, Tacit. Germ., Epileg. p. cxiii.) [L. S.] JUTTAH ('iTtii/, LXX.), a to^vn of .Judah (Josh. XV. 55), appropriated to the priests ; according to Eusebius (Onomast. s. v. 'Icttoj') it was 18 M. P. from Eleutheropolis. Eeland (Palaest. p. 870) supposes this to have been the residence of Zacharias and Elizabeth, and the birthplace of John the Baptist, — the ttSXis 'lovSa of Luke, i. 39, being so written, by a corruption or from a softer pronun- ciation, instead of ttoAjs 'lovra. The modem Yutta, on the site of the old town, in which there are said to be indications of old remains, preserves the ancient name. (Robinson, Bib. Res. vol. ii. pp. 190, 195, 628 ; Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. sv. pt. i. pp. 638, 641 ; Winer, s. v.) [E. B. J.] .JUVAVUil, JirA'VIA, a town in the interior of Noricum, on the left bank of the river Ivarus. It is the modem city of Salzburg, situated in an extensive and fertile valley, on the slope of a range of a high mountain. It is chiefly known from in- scriptions : one of which (Orelli, no. 496) describes the place as a colony planted by the emperor Hadrian ; but its genuineness is disputed. (Orelli, Inscript. vol. i. p. 138.) Juvavium was the head-quarters of the fifth cohort of the first legion (Notit. Imper.) and the residence of the governor of the province. At an earlier period it seems to have been the resi- dence of the native kings of Noricum. In the second half of the fifth century it was destroyed by the Hernli ; but was restored as early as the seventh centmy, and still contains many beautiful remains of antiquity, especially mosaics. (Comp. Orelli, In- script. nos. 496, 497; Itin. Ant. p. 235, where it bears the erroneous name of Jovavis ; Eugipp. Vit. S. Sever. 13, 24, where it is called lopia ; Vit. S. Buperii, ap. Basnage, tom. iii. pt. 2. p. 273 ; Egin- hard, Vit. Caroli M. 33; Juvavia, oder Nachrichten vom Zustande der Gegenden und Stadt Juvavia, Salzburg, 1784, fol.) [L. S.] K. KADESH (KaS^s, LXX), orKADESH-B ARNEA, a aite on the SE. of Palcbtine, with a fountain, En- KEDEMOTH. 103 MISHPAT (Gen. xiv. 7, xvi. 14), where the Israelites encamped with the intention of entering the Pro- mised Land (Num. xxxii. 8), and the point from which the spies were sent. (Num. xiii. xiv. 40 — 45, xxi. 1 — 3 ; Beut. i. 41 — 44 ; comp. Jvdg. i. 17.) The supposition that the Kadesh-Barnea, to which the Israelites first came, is different from the Kadesh-Meribah, which formed their later encamp- ment, where the wants of the people were mira- culously supplied from the smitten rock (Num. xx. 14), reconciles some difficulties. On the hypothesis that there were two places of this name, the first Kadesh and its localities agrees very well with the spring of 'Ain Kddcs or Kiidcs, lying to the E. of the highest part of Djtbd Ilalal, towards its N. extremity, about 12 miles from Moilahhi TIadjar. (Beer-lahai-roi, Gen. xvi. 14), and something like due S. from Khnla.m (Chezil, Josh. xv. 30), which has been identified by Mr. Rowlands (Williams, Holy City, vol. i. App. pp. 466—468) -with the rock struck by Jloses. The second Kadesh, to which the Israelites came with a view of passing through the land of Edom, coincides better with the more easterly position of 'Ain-el-Weibeh which Dr. Robinson (Bib. Res. vol. ii. pp. 582, 610, 622) has assigned to it (comp. Kitto. Scripture Lands, p. 82). Ritter (Erdkuiule, vol. xiv. pp. 1077 — 1089), who refers to the latest discoveries in this district, does not determine whether one Kadesh would sufliciently answer all the conditions required. [E. B. J.] KADMONITES (KiZix^vam, LXX.), a nation of Canaan at the time that Abraham sojourned in the land (Gen. XV. 19). The name Beni-Kedem, "chil- dren of the East " (Judg. vi. 3 ; comp. Isa. xi. 14), was probably not distinctive of, but collectively ap- plied to various peoples, like the Saracens in the middle ages, and the Beduins in later times. (Ritter, Erdhmde, vol. xv. pt. i. p. 138.) [E. B. J.] KAMON (Kaixd>v, LXX.), a town in Gilead, be- longing to the tribe of Manasseh, where Jair died. (Judges, x. 5 ; comp. Joseph. Antiq. v. 7. § 6.) The Kamona (Kojucei/d) of Eusebius, which lay 6 IL P. to the N. of Legio (Onomast. s. v.), must have been another place of the same name; but the city which Polybius (v. 70) calls Camus (Ka/xovs), and which was taken, with other places in Peraea, by Antio- chus, is identical with the town in Gilead. (Reland, Palaest. 649; Winer, 5. v. Von Eaumer, Palest. p. 242 ; Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. xv. p. 1 026.) [E.B. J.] KANAH (Kavd, LXX ). 1. A town in the N. district of Asher. (Josh. xix. 28.) Dr. Robinson recognises it in the large village of Kana, on the brow of the Wady-Ashur, near Tyre. 2'. A river which divided the district of Manasseh from that of Ephraim (Josh. xvi. 8, xvii. 9, 10), pro- bably the river which discharges itself into the sea between Caesareia and Apollonia (Arundinetis; comp. Schultens, VitaSalad. pp. 191, 193), now the Nahr Abu-Zuhara. [E. B. J.] KAPHARABIS (Kaci>apa§ls), a fortified place, in Idumaea, taken, with Kaphethra, by Cerealis, A. D. 69. (Joseph. B. J. iv. 9. § 9.) [E. B. J.] KEDEMOTH (Ba/ce5^we, LXX.), a city in the tribe of Reuben (Josh. xiii. 18), which gave its name to the wilderness of Kedemoth, on the borders of the river Arnon, from whence Moses sent mes- sengers of peace to Sihon king of Heshbon (Devt. ii. 26.) Its site has not been made out. (Ritter, Erdkunde, vol. xv. pt. i. pp. 574, 1208; Winer, s. V.) [E. B. J.] h;4
