evidently two bodies, the dry acid which froze out first, and then the hydrate, which requires at least —30° below 0° before it will solidify.
The following gases showed no signs of liquefaction when cooled by the carbonic acid bath in vacuo, even at the pressures expressed:—
| Atmospheres. | |
| Hydrogen at | 27 |
| Oxygen | 27 |
| Nitrogen | 50 |
| Nitric oxide | 50 |
| Carbonic oxide | 40 |
| Coal-gas | 32 |
The difference in the facility of leakage was one reason of the difference in the pressure applied. I found it impossible, from this cause, to raise the pressure of hydrogen higher than twenty-seven atmospheres by an apparatus that was quite tight enough to confine nitrogen up to double that pressure.
M. Cagniard de la Tour has shown that at a certain temperature, a liquid, under sufficient pressure, becomes clear transparent vapour or gas, having the same bulk as the liquid. At this temperature, or one a little higher, it is not likely that any increase of pressure, except perhaps one exceedingly great, would convert the gas into a liquid. Now the temperature of 166° below 0°, low as it is, is probably above this point of temperature for hydrogen, and perhaps for nitrogen and oxygen, and then no compression without the conjoint application of a degree of cold below that we have as yet obtained, can be expected to take from them their gaseous state. Further, as ether assumes this state before the pressure of its vapour has acquired thirty-eight atmospheres, it is more than probable that gases which can resist the pressure of from twenty-seven to fifty atmospheres at a temperature of 166° below 0° could never appear as liquids, or be made to lose their gaseous state at common temperatures. They may probably be brought into the state of very condensed gases, but not liquefied.
Some very interesting experiments on the compression of gases have been made by M. G. Aime[1], in which oxygen,
- ↑ Annales de Chimie, 1843, viii. 275.
