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(Fig. 276). These patches consist of numerous interwoven threads that may be recognized under the microscope as the mycelium of the fungus. The mycelium in this case lives on the surface of the leaf and nourishes itself by sending short branches into the cells of the leaf to absorb food materials from them.

Fig. 276.—Colonies of Willow Mildew.

Fig. 277.—Summer-spores of Willow Mildew.

Fig. 278.—Perithecium of Willow Mildew.

Fig. 279.—Section through Perithecium of Willow Mildew.

Numerous summer-spores are formed of short, erect branches all over the white surface. One of these branches is shown in Fig. 277. When it has grown to a certain length, the upper part begins to segment or divide into spores which fall and are scattered by the wind. Those falling on other willows reproduce the fungus there. This process continues all summer, but in the later part of the season provision is made to maintain the mildew through the winter. If some of the white patches are closely examined in July or August, a number of little black bodies will be seen among the threads. These little bodies are called perithecia, shown in Fig. 278. To the naked eye they appear as minute specks, but when seen under a magnification of 200 diameters they present a very interesting appearance. They are hollow spherical bodies decorated around the outside with a fringe of crook-like hairs. The resting-spores of the willow mildew are produced in sacs or asci inclosed within the leathery perithecia. Figure 279 shows a cross-section of a perithecium with the asci arising from the bottom. The spores remain securely