CONTENTS.
IX
PAOK
dications that Inflaenoe the Proepector — Origin of Rushes and Gamps — Society along the. Foothills — Hut and Camp life — Sunday in the Mines — Catalogue of California Mining Rushes — Mariposa, Kern, Ocean Beach, Nevada, Gold Lake, Lost Cahin, Gold Blu£^ Siskiyou, Sonora, Australia, Fraser River, Nevada, Colorado, and the Rest — Mining Laws and Regulations — Mining Tax — Discrimination against Foreigners ,. 381
CHAPTER XVI.
MININQ MXTHODS. •
1848>1866.
Primitive Mining Machinery — Lnproved Means for Poor Diggings- California Inventions — Tom, Sluice, Fluming — Hydraulic M'niTig — Ditches, Shafts, and Tunnels — Quartz Mining — ^The First Mills — Ex- citement, Failure, and Revival — Improved Machinery — Coopera- tion— Yield — Average Gains — Cost of Gold — Evil and BendSdal Effects of Mining 409
CHAPTER XVII.
BIRTH OF T0WM8.
176^-1869.
Mexican Town-maxing — Mission, Presidio, and Pnehlo — ^e Anglo- American Method — Clearing away the Wilderness — ^The American Municipal Idea — Necessities Attending Self-government — Home- made Laws and Justice — Arbitration and Litigation — Camp and Town Sites — Creation of Counties — ^Nomendatore— Rivers and Har- bors— Industries and Progress. 429
CHAPTER XVm.
CTTT BUILDIKO.
1848-1888.
The Great Interior — River and Plain — Sutterville and Sacramento— Plan of Survey — The Thrice Simple Swiss — Better for the Country than a Better Man — Healthy and Hearty Competition — Development of Sacramento City — MarytfHlle — Stockton — Placerville — Sonora — ^Ne- vada— Grass Valley — ^Benicia — ^Vallejo— Martines — Oakland and Vi- timty — ^Northern and Southern Cities 446
CHAPTER XIX.
OALIYORNIA IK OOUNTIBB.
1848-1888.
Affiurs under the Hispano-Califomians — Coming of the Anglo-Americans — £1 Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, Yuba, and Other Couoties North aitd Soatb— Their Origm, Industries, Wealth, and Progress 481
