general, was descended from a long line of ancestors who figured conspicuously in the history of Scotland. He was born in 1770, and succeeded his father in the peerage in 1787. He entered the army in 1789; served at Gibraltar and Martinique, where he was severely wounded in 1795, and, in consequence, returned to England. His next service was in Ireland during the rebellion of 1798. In the following year he accompanied the expedition to the Holder, and was present in all the actions of the campaign in Holland. In 1800 he received the brevet of colonel, and was employed before Belle Isle, at Minorca, and afterwards in Egypt under Sir Ralph Abercromby, where he took part in the severe actions of Aboukir and Alexandria. In 1808 Lord Dalhousie served in the expedition to the Scheldt. He commanded the seventh division under Wellington in the Peninsula, was engaged in the battles of Vittoria and the Pyrenees, and other important actions, and was one of the general officers who received the thanks of parliament. He was created a peer of the United Kingdom in 1815. In the following year he was appointed to the command in Nova Scotia; and in 1819 was nominated captain-general and governor-in-chief of the forces in North America. He attained the full rank of general in 1830, and died in 1838.—J. T.
DALHOUSIE, James Andrew Broun Ramsay, first marquis of, was born at Dalhousie Castle, N.B., in 1812, educated at Oxford, and succeeded his father, ninth earl, in 1838. He was vice-president and president of the board of trade in Sir Robert Peel's second administration; and having given evidence of much business ability, he received the governor-generalship of India under Lord John Russell's premiership—landing at Calcutta in the January of 1848. Within a twelvemonth of his arrival the second Sikh war broke out; and after the triumph of the British arms, it devolved upon Lord Dalhousie to take the bold and decisive step of annexing the Punjaub. In 1849 he was created a marquis, and received the thanks of parliament for the zeal and ability displayed by him previously to the annexation of the Punjaub. The subsequent years of his governor-generalship, which closed in 1855, were marked by great internal improvement, as well as by a steady adherence to the policy of annexation or absorption. Lord Dalhousie returned to Europe in 1856; but, in consequence of the state of his health, was prevented from resuming his place in public life, and he died in 1860. He married in 1835 a daughter of the late marquis of Tweeddale.—F. E.
DALIN, Olof von, styled by some the father of Swedish literature, was the head of the Gallic, or, as it is also termed, the Dalin school of literature. He was born in 1708 at Winberga in Holland, and educated at the university of Lund, studying medicine in the first instance, and afterwards law, and whilst tutor in the Rälamb family collected in their valuable library material for his history of Sweden. In 1731 he received a government appointment, and two years afterwards commenced a periodical, on the plan of Addison's Spectator, called Den Svenska Argus. He wrote satires and comedies which were greatly admired at the time; above all, his comedy, "Den Afundsjuke," published in 1738, which bears considerable resemblance to the writings of Holberg. In tragedy and serious poetry he was less successful. Being introduced at court in 1741, he became a favourite with the king and queen, and in 1749 was appointed tutor to the crown prince, and two years later was raised to the rank of a noble, and afterwards appointed royal historiographer and cancelleraad. Being suspected, however, of exercising undue influence at court, he lost some of his popularity; and an accusation of making a jest of the christian religion, lost him likewise his post of tutor to the crown prince, on which he left the court. After this he devoted himself to the completion of his history of Sweden, until, in the following year, being again admitted to court, he was nominated hofcanttsler, and in the August of that year died. It is as a prose writer, rather than a poet, that Dalin is deserving of remembrance, and especially in his Argus. Through this he conferred lasting benefits on his native country, which owed to it the establishment of a national periodical literature.—M. H.
DALLÆUS. See Daillé.
DALLAM, George, an eminent English organ-builder of the seventeenth century. He was born in 1602, and died in 1665, at Oxford, where a stone in the cloisters of New College records the event. He built the organ in New College chapel, and the small one in the music-school, Oxford; but his principal work appears to have been the organ in York minster, destroyed when that building was partially burned.—E. F. R.
DALLAN, Forgaill, also called Eochaidh, or "the Wise." An Irish poet who lived in the sixth century. He was a disciple of St. Columba, and attended him at the great assembly of Dromceat, and wrote the life of the saint and the "Amhra Collum Chille," an elegiac poem in his praise, several copies of which are still extant—one in the library of Trinity college, Dublin. Dallan also wrote an elegy on the death of Saint Seanan, and other poems.—J. F. W
DALLANS, Ralph, a celebrated English organ-builder in the seventeenth century. He built the organ for St. George's chapel, Windsor, at the Restoration; an organ for the parish church, Rugby; and the old organ for Lynn Regis, which was removed by Snetzler. This is all we know of him, except what is contained in the following inscription, formerly existing in the old church of Greenwich—"Ralph Dallans, organ-maker, deceased while he was making this organ; begun by him, February, 1672. James White, his partner, finished it, and erected this stone, 1673."—E. F. R.
DALLAS, Alexander James, secretary of the treasury of the United States, was of Scotch descent, and born in the island of Jamaica in 1759. Educated at Edinburgh, he came to Philadelphia in 1783, and studied law. For some time he supported himself with difficulty by his pen, editing the Columbian Magazine, and writing for other periodicals. But his ability and adroitness soon gave him rank at the bar and much influence in politics, to which he chiefly devoted himself, following the Jeffersonian party in opposing the administrations of Washington and Adams; favouring the French alliance; encouraging Genet, the French minister, in his outrageous conduct; and vehemently censuring the treaty with England, negotiated by Jay in 1794. When the Jeffersonian party came into power in 1801, Dallas was appointed district attorney of the United States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania. In October, 1814, he was appointed by Mr. Madison, secretary of the treasury. In this office he showed much quickness of invention and fertility of resources, but no great soundness of judgment. As one means of renovating the finances, he proposed a great national bank on the non-specie-paying principle, hoping that it might work as well as the Bank of England had then done, on this system, for about seventeen years. The good sense of congress defeated this measure. After the war in 1816, he modified his proposition, made specie payments obligatory, and the bill then became a law. As there was not much ability in the cabinet at this period, the talents of Dallas were in request; and for a time, beginning in March, 1815, he was obliged to undertake the additional trust of secretary at war. His publications were numerous, but they were chiefly of a partisan character, or reports of the decisions of courts of law. He resigned his office in October, 1816, and died at Philadelphia, January 16, 1817.—F. B.
* DALLAS, Rev. Alexander Robert Charles, son of Robert Charles Dallas, entered when young the British army, served through the Peninsular war, and was present at Waterloo. Of his Peninsular experiences there survives a literary memorial (which has escaped the notice of even the industrious Alibone)—"Felix Alvarez, or Planners in Spain, containing descriptive accounts of some of the prominent events of the late Peninsular war"—published in 1818, and dedicated to the late Lord Lynedoch. After Waterloo, Mr. Dallas entered the church, and we find him, in 1824, vicar of Wooburn in Berkshire, a party to the negotiations and litigation which preceded his publication of his father's posthumous Recollections of Lord Byron. The executors and relatives of the poet objected to the publication of certain portions of Lord Byron's correspondence. The latter were accordingly suppressed in England, but appeared at Paris in 1825, with a curious "preliminary statement" by the reverend editor. In 1828, Mr. Dallas was appointed by the newly-made bishop of Winchester to the rectory of Wonston, Andover, Hants, which he still holds. Mr. Dallas is a prominent member of the evangelical party in the church, and has been a most prolific contributor to theological literature. He has also taken a very active part in the establishment of protestant missions and of charitable, educational, and industrial institutions, under protestant auspices, in the west of Ireland, especially in the district of Connemara, and Galway county generally. An interesting account of some of his Irish efforts during and after the famine will be found in his "Castlederg," London, 1849.—F. E.
