skill in ascertaining and correcting the most minute errors to which instruments are liable. He was elected in 1832 a fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, in 1834 a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in 1840 a fellow of the Royal Society. In 1836 he married a daughter of the well-known and ingenious optician, Adie of Edinburgh. That lady died in 1842, leaving an only daughter. Henderson had suffered for many years from an enlargement of the heart, which ended fatally on the 23d of November, 1844.—W. J. M. R.
HENFREY, Arthur, an English botanist, was born at Aberdeen, of English parents, on 1st November, 1819, and died at London on 7th September, 1859. He studied medicine at St. Bartholomew's hospital, and in 1843 passed as surgeon in London. The state of his health prevented him from pursuing the active duties of his profession. He, therefore, devoted himself exclusively to botany; and in this science he acquired great proficiency and eminence. In 1847 he was appointed lecturer at St. George's hospital school of medicine, and in 1854 he succeeded Edward Forbes in the botanical chair at King's college, London. He was also examiner in natural science at the Royal Military Academy and to the Society of Arts. His unremitting exertions in the cause of science seem to have hastened his death, which was caused by an effusion in the brain. He was distinguished for his researches on the structure and physiology of plants, and has written several able works, besides contributing to the Transactions of the Royal and Linnæan Societies, of which he was a fellow. He wrote numerous papers for the Natural History Journal and for the Quarterly Review, and he has translated from the French and German periodicals papers of great value to science. He acted for three years as the editor of the Journal of the Photographic Society, and in 1858 he was chosen one of the editors of the Annals of Natural History. Among his published works may be noticed the following—"Elementary Course of Botany;" "Rudiments of Botany;" "Introduction to Structural and Physiological Botany;" "Micrographic Dictionary," published along with Griffith; "Memoirs on Vegetable Embryology, and on the Development of various Organs of Plants."—J. H. B.
HENGIST, the celebrated founder, with his brother Horsa, of Saxon supremacy in Britain, and from whom therefore, rightly considered, the history of England and the English people may be held to date its origin, was in all likelihood by birth a Jute; as the followers who accompanied him to the British shores were, we are informed by the old writers, properly Jutes, not Saxons. But the Saxons and the Jutes were of kindred blood, although the Scandinavian element more largely preponderated in the case of the latter people; and the two, along with the Angles, a tribe related rather to the Jutes than the Saxons, combined so closely for the subjugation of Britain, that it practically suffices to view them as the members of one great family. Hengist, who claimed, as was the fashion of the age, a royal and even divine ancestry, eagerly accepted the invitation addressed to him by Vortigern, the British sovereign, who craved his assistance to free the unhappy kingdom over which he reigned from the devastating inroads of the Scots and Picts. That kingdom was then in a miserable state, torn by intestine feuds, and the prey of true Celtic disorganization, although under the nominal sceptre of a ruler; who was, however, weak, vacillating, and voluptuous. Vortigern's request was brought to Hengist in 449, when the Jutian chief, attended by his brother, was piratically cruising with three ships in the British channel; and he lost no time in responding to the call. Their short-sighted host assigned to his new allies the isle of Thanet as a dwelling-place; and at first they recompensed his hospitality by marching against the Picts and Scots, and driving these northern marauders from the kingdom. Shortly after occurred the well-known incident of the feast given by Hengist to King Vortigern, when the beautiful daughter of the former presented the wine-cap to the royal guest, and effected a conquest over his susceptible heart. In return for fresh concessions made by Vortigern, Hengist bestowed upon him Rowena's hand. All the while new bodies of invaders, Jutes, Angles, and Saxons, kept pouring in from the continent; and the perilous strangers were surely, if slowly, establishing themselves in the land. Vortigern at last took the alarm; and then the Saxons, uniting with their old adversaries the Picts and Scots, fought several sanguinary battles with the Britons. As it is commonly reported, the contending parties ultimately agreed to terminate their dispute; and a meeting was held, at which the chief persons present were engaged in festive enjoyment, when suddenly, Hengist exclaiming to his followers, "Unsheathe your swords," each drew forth a dagger which he had concealed in his garments, and all the Britons there assembled were slain, Vortigern alone excepted. From this time the star of the invaders was in the ascendant; and Hengist became the first Saxon prince of Kent, which province he had completely wrested from its original possessors. After a career of indomitable energy and daring ambition, but sullied by ferocity and craftiness, he died in 489, leaving a son, Eric, who succeeded him on the Kentish throne.—J. J.
HENGSTENBERG, William Ernest, D.D., one of the most distinguished theologians of Germany, was born on 20th October, 1802, at Frauberg in the dukedom of Mark where his father was pastor. From his father he received the greater part of his early education, and passed straight from the parental roof to the university of Bonn in 1820. He was so diligent as to become furnished with the most extraordinary attainments in Arabic literature; and he was also particularly devoted to the study of the Aristotelian philosophy. In proof of this he published in 1823 an edition of an Arabic poem, for which he obtained the university prize; and in the following year a translation of Aristotle's metaphysics. On leaving Bonn he went for some time to Basle, where he became acquainted with certain Christian friends, and himself entered on a decidedly Christian course. In 1824 he returned to Germany and settled at Berlin, where he resided till his death. He was made an extraordinary professor of theology in 1826, and an ordinary professor in 1828, with the degree of doctor of theology. The same year he commenced, in conjunction with Tholuck, his church journal Evangelische Kirchenzeitung, which exercised a powerful influence in Germany, in the advocacy and defence of evangelical principles against rationalism and infidelity. His theological works are of considerable number and variety. Praise is due in a peculiar manner to his "Christology," the first volume of which appeared in 1829, and the third and last in 1835; also to his works on the authenticity of the Pentateuch, on the authenticity of Daniel and Zechariah, and on Egypt and the Books of Moses, which were published at intervals between 1831 and 1842. They have all been translated into English, and form part of Clark's Foreign Theological Library. His later works are commentaries on the Psalms, on the Revelation, on Ecclesiastes, and some minor treatises, which have also been translated and published by the Messrs. Clark. He had great excellences as a theological writer, coupled, however, with extreme opinionativeness; and latterly he exhibited a strong leaning towards the high church and sacramentarian views of Lutheranism. He died in May, 1869.—P. F
HENICHIUS, Johannes, son of a protestant pastor, born in 1616; studied at Celle, Lüneburg, and Helmstadt, and in 1638 took his degree. In 1643 he was made professor of Hebrew at Rinteln in Hesse, and soon after had a call to Bardewick in Hanover as superintendent; but after five years he resigned this post, and returned to Rinteln to be theological professor, and there he continued till his death in 1671. Henichius distinguished himself by his pacific bearing in the controversies between the Lutherans and the Calvinists, whose reconciliation he ardently desired. His works are wholly theological.—B. H. C.
HENLEY, Anthony, one of the most accomplished Englishmen of the Augustan age of Queen Anne, was descended from the ancient family of Henley of Henley in Somersetshire. Educated at Oxford, Anthony cultivated a taste for classical and elegant literature, by means of which and his fine manners he afterwards obtained easy access to the best society of London. He became intimate with the earls of Dorset and Sunderland, with Swift, Pope, and Arbuthnot. The Dispensary by Garth is dedicated to him, and has by some even been ascribed to his pen. He contributed some sprightly papers to the Tatler and to the Medley, and published some other trifles anonymously. In 1698 he was elected member of parliament for Andover, and sat subsequently for Weymouth and for Melcombe Regis. He was a great lover of music, and made his seat at Southwick the summer resort of the celebrated actors of the day, that he might indulge in the performance of private theatricals. He married Mary, daughter of the Hon. Peregrine Bertrie, by whom he had three sons, of whom the second, Robert, became lord-chancellor of England with the title of Lord Northington. Anthony died in 1711.—R. H.
