JUSTICE AND CEIME 131
The followiug statistics are for March, 1911 : —
Institutions for
Scholars
Males
174
5,862 108,144
5,236 37,838
Females
Males
Females
Colleges
General education :
Secondary
Primary . Special education :
Training and other schools Private Institutions .
spec
al
11
656 12,027
582 1,762
31,073
819,226 3,936,419
143,366 551,135
374
81,294 689,471
31,497 70,917
Total .
157,254
15,038
5,481,219
873,553
Grand Total
172
292
6,354,772
Of the total number of educational institutions in India (viz. 172,292), 33,189 are public, 81,116 are aided, and 57,957 are private and unaided.
Notwithstanding the recent great progress of education, the proportion able to read and write is still very small. In British India only 28*1 per cent, of the boys of a school-going age attend school ; and of girls 4*6.
During 1910 the following vernacular newspapers were published : in Eastern Bengal and Assam, 53 ; Baluchistan, 1 ; Baroda, 30 ; Bengal, 200 ; Bombay, 334 ; Burma, 31 ; Central India, 9 ; Central Provinces and Berar, 31 ; Madras, Mysore, and Haidarabad, 289 ; United Provinces, 220 ; Punjab, 209 ; Rajputana, 8 ; total, 1,416. They were published in the following languages or dialects : — Assamese, Bengali, Hindi, Uriya, Kanarese, Sindhi, Sanskrit, Burmese, Chinese, Urdu, Persian, Gujrathi, Marathi, Karen, Pwo-Karen, Sagau-Ivaren, Tamil, Telegu, Malayalam, Arabic, Hindustani, Khasi, Ajiuer-Mervvaia, and Gurmukhi. In 1909-10 there were in India 2,736 printing presses at work, 726 newspapers were published, 2,829 periodicals, and 12,046 books, of which 9,934 were in Indian languages.
Justice and Crime.
The Presidencies of Madras, Bombay, and Bengal, and also the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh have each a supreme high court, with an appeal to the Privy Council in England. The Punjab has a chief court, with six judges ; the Central Provinces and Berar, Oudh, North- West Frontier Province, Coorg, and Sind have judicial commissioners. Burma has a judicial commissioner and a chief court. For Assam, and Bihar and Orissa the high court of Calcutta is the highest judicial authority.
The number of officers exercising civil and criminal jurisdiction on December 31, 1910, was as follows : —
Courts
Civil
Criminal
Total
Provincial
District ....
Subordinate
121
652
1,510
170
911
5,563
297 1,563 7,073
Total .
. ; 2,283
6,650
8, ',133
K 2
