BARNAVE BARNES 321 Tomsk ; pop. about 12,000. All the gold ob- tained in Siberia must be sent to Barnaul to be smelted, with the exception of that yielded by the Yablonnoi mountains. The gold-washing begins in May and lasts till September, the metal being sent to Barnaul once or twice dur- ing the year. It then passes into the control of the government, which in time accounts to the miners for its value. The silver is not sep- arated from the gold in Siberia, but the metal is sent for that purpose to St. Petersburg. The smelting works at Barnaul are on a large scale, and are conducted in the most approved scien- tific manner. The governor of Tomsk, who is always chosen from the mining engineers, is required to visit every mine and smelting works at least once in two years. Exploring expedi- tions are sent out every spring, to prospect in the mining regions. At Barnaul there is a magnetic observatory, whence observations are regularly forwarded to St. Petersburg. There is also a museum, containing a good collection of Siberian minerals, animals, and birds. The market is well supplied. The workmen live in small wooden cottages, and nearly all the peas- ants own cows and horses. BARNAVE, Antoine Pierre Joseph Marie, a French revolutionist, born at Grenoble, Oct. 22, 1761, guillotined at Paris, Nov. 29, 1793. He was educated for the law, and at the age of 22 he was chosen by the bar of Grenoble to pro- nounce a discourse at the closing of the parlia- ment ; his subject was the " Division of Po- litical Powers." He distinguished himself in 1788 by a pamphlet against certain arbitrary measures of the king ; and a few months after he was elected a deputy of the third estate in the states general which met at Versailles, May 4, 1789. He supported the movement for a national assembly, the formation of the nation- al guard, the abolition of all feudal privileges, the declaration of the rights of man, the secu- larization of the church estates, the emanci- pation of the Jews, the abolition of religious orders, and the abolition of negro slavery ; and opposed the absolute veto of the king, the elegibility to office of members of the national assembly, and the conferring on the king the right of making peace and war. On the last two questions he separated from Mirabeau. In October, 1790, he was made president of the assembly. On May 11, 1791, he proposed that no change should be made in regard to slavery without the consent of the planters; he was opposed by Robespierre, Sieyes, and Gregoire, and defeated. On the flight of the royal fam- ily and their arrest at Varennes, he was sent with Latour-Maubourg and Petion to bring back the captives to Paris. From the date of this event he was totally changed. He became the advocate of the king and queen, and main- tained constant relations with the latter, en- deavoring to bring them into unison with the constitutional party in the assembly. He de- fended the inviolability of the royal person, opposed the proposition to give soldiers the right of denouncing their officers, spoke in be- half of priests who denied the authority of the assembly, and moved the order of the day on the question of the right of the assembly to dis- miss the ministers. He retired to Grenoble in January, 1792, and devoted himself to political philosophy and literature until Aug. 29, when he was arrested on account of a pamphlet found in the king's cabinet. He was kept 10 months in prison at Grenoble ; was transferred to Paris, Nov. 3, 1793, and was tried before the revolutionary tribunal Nov. 28, and guil- lotined the next day. His last words to the people about the scaffold were: "Behold the reward for all that I have done for liberty." A statue was erected to him in the senate house under the consulate, but on the restora- tion of the Bourbons it was removed. His works have been collected in four volumes by M. Berenger (de la Dr&me). BARNEGAT. I. A post village of Union town- ship, in the S. part of Ocean county, N. J. It lies on Double creek, near the inlet of that name, 1 m. from Barnegat bay. It has excellent sea bathing, and an abundance of wild fowl. II. A bay on the E. border of Ocean county, N. J., extends N. from below Barnegat inlet to the mouth of Metetecunk river. It is about 23 m. long, and from 1 to 4 m. wide. Metetecunk, Toms, and Forked rivers, and Kettle and Cedar creeks, discharge into it. Squan beach and Island beach, strips of sandy land from a quar- ter of a mile to a mile in width, separate it from the ocean. Its entrance is about a mile wide. BARNES, Albert, an American theologian, born at Rome, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1798, died in Philadel- phia, Dec. 24, 1870. He graduated at Hamil- ton college in 1820, intending to become a lawyer; but considering it his duty to enter the ministry, he studied at the Princeton the- ological seminary, and in 1823 was licensed to preach. He officiated in various churches till 1830, when, being pastor of the Presbyterian church of Morristown, N. J., he was called to the first Presbyterian church of Philadelphia, in which charge he remained till 1867, when he resigned it in consequence of failing health and the almost total loss of his eyesight. Mr. Barnes was distinguished as an eloquent preach- er and faithful pastor, and was the author of many books. He js best known by his " Notes " on various parts of the Scriptures, originally prepared as lectures to his own congregation. The book of Psalms was always a favorite study, and his notes upon this are highly esteem- ed (new ed., 3 vols. 12mo, New York, 1868-'9). He also published notes on Job, Isaiah, and Daniel. But his reputation as a commentator rests mainly upon his notes on the New Testa- ment, comprising the Gospels, the Acts, and all the Epistles. They are especially adapted for the use of Sunday schools and Bible classes, and have been widely adopted in the United States and in Great Britain. No other works of this class have ever had so wide a circulation. Several editions have been published, with
