3iG BARTIIELEMY BARTHfJLEJIY, Jean Jarqnes, a French archae- ologist and author, born at Cassis, Jan. 20, 1716, died in Paris, April 30, 1795. He was educated for the church, and retained the title and costume of an abbe, but devoted himself chiefly to archaeological studies. In 1753 he became director of the cabinet of medals and coins, which he made the most renowned and extensive collection in the world. While visit- ing Italy in 1754r-'7 for the acquisition of an- cient medals, he formed the acquaintance of M. de Stainville, afterward duke de Choisenl and prime minister, who placed him in posses- sion of handsome revenues; and though Bar- thelemy made a modest use of his good fortune, it yet exposed him to the animosity of D'Alem- hert and others. As early as 1748 he was ad- mitted to the academy of inscriptions and belles- lettres, and in 1789 he was elected to the French academy. He was arrested in 1793, but released through the intervention of the minister of the interior. He wrote many learned disquisitions on numismatics and archaeology, published a romance and some poetry, and left the MS. of his Voyage en Italie (edited by Serieys, Paris, 1802); but his fame rests on his Voyaye du jeune Anacharsu en Grece (4 vols., 1788), on which he labored 30 years, and which has passed through many editions, serving for a long time as a text book on ancient Greece. It has been translated into English and most other European languages. BARTHELEMY-SAINT-HILAIRE, Jules, a French savant, born in Paris, Aug. 19, 1805. He was employed in the ministry of finance and as as- sistant professor of French literature in the polytechnic school till 1838, when the first por- tion of his translation of Aristotle gained for him the chair of Greek and Latin philosophy in the college de France, followed the next year by a seat in the academy of moral and political sciences. In 1840 he served for some tune un- der Cousin in the ministry of public instruction. He became connected with the Olobe and other newspapers, was an earnest opponent of Charles X. and of Louis Philippe, and after the revolu- tion of 1848, as member of the constituent and legislative assemblies, was one of the lead- ers of the conservative republicans. He made an unsuccessful attempt to have Gen. Cavai- gnac censured for the ineffectiveness of the measures taken to suppress the insurrection of June in its beginnings. He denounced the usur- pation of Louis Napoleon in December, 1851, and for a short time was a prisoner at Mazas. He resigned his connection with the college de France, which had been placed under his di- rection, and did not resume his professorship till 1862. In the mean time he had cooperated with M. de Lessens in the Suez canal project (1855-'8), and visited Egypt as one of the rep- resentatives of that enterprise. In 1869 he was elected to the national assembly, and in 1871 he became secretary general of "the cabi- net of his old and intimate friend M. Thiers, with whom he was elected in 1872 member of BARTHOLDY the geographical society. His translation of the works of Aristotle (17 vols. 8vo, 1837-'66) is the first complete French version, and is very fully annotated. He has also published a memoir De la Logiqite d'Aristote (2 vols. 8vo, 1838). Among his other works are several on Buddhism, Mahomet et le Coran (1865), and Philosophie dee deux Ampere (1866). It A K I Hi:/, or Barthes. I. Panl Joseph, a French physician, born at Montpellier, Dec. 11, 1734, died Oct. 15, 1806. He early acquired renown as an army physician, and about 1760 became a professor in the medical school of Montpellier, and in 1773 coadjutor and prospective successor of the chancellor of the faculty. He was also received doctor of law in 1780, and appointed councillor in the court of aids. His haughty character led him into disagreements with his colleagues, wherefore he removed to Paris in 1781, and became consulting physician to the king, member of the council of state, and of many learned societies. He lost his places at the revolution, but was afterward honorary professor at Montpellier, and received many tokens of regard from Napoleon. He explained the animal economy by the theory of a vital principle, and has been called the Hegel of medical science. His method is stated in his Nouveaux elements de la science de Vhomme (Montpellier, 1778 ; enlarged ed., 2 vols., Paris, 1806), which has been translated into most European languages. His Nomelle mecaniqve dee movements de Vhomme et det animaux (Carcassonne, 1798), and his Traitement des maladies goutteuses (2 vols., Paris, 1802; new ed., 1819), have been translated into German. Among his other numerous writings are two posthumous works, Traite du beau (edited by his brother, 1807), and Consultations de mede- cine (2 vols., 1810). II. Antolne Charles Ernest de, a French physician, grand-nephew of the pre- ceding, born at Narbonne about 1800. He re- ceived his doctor's diploma in Paris in 1839, became physician to several hospitals, and pre- pared with M. Rilliet his Traite clinique et pratique des maladies des enfants (new ed., 3 vols., Paris, 1853-'4), which won prizes from the medical academy and academy of sciences. i;KTII()l.l), Frledrlth Wilhelm, a German his- torian, born in Berlin, Sept. 4, 1799, died Jan. 14, 1858. He studied history under Eaumer, and was teacher at the Frederick's college of Konigsberg (1826-'31), and professor of history at the university of Greifswald (1831-'58). His principal works are: I)er Romerzvg Kdnig HeinricK's von Lutzettturg (2 vols., Konigsberg, 1830-'31) ; Geschichte des grossen deutschen Krieges von Gustav Adolf's Tode alt (Stuttgart, 1841-'3) ; Geschichte ier deutschen Stadte vnd des deutschen Burgerthums (4 vols., Leipsic, 1850-'52) ; and Geschichte der deutschen Han- sa (Leipsic, 1854). BARTHOLDY, Jakob Salomon, a German diplo- matist and patron of art, born in Berlin, May 13, 1779, died in Rome, July 27, 1825. He waf of a rich Jewish family, studied at Kdnigsberg,
