BARTHOLIff BARTHOLOMEW 347 spent several years in Paris, visited Italy and Greece, aiid in 1805 became a convert to Prot- estantism. He fought in the Austrian army against the French, and roused the national spirit by his Krieg der tiroler Landleute, 1809 (Berlin, 1814). In 1813 he held a place in the Prussian chancery under Hardenberg, attended the congresses of Vienna and Aix-la-Ohapelle, and was consul general in Italy from 1815 to 1818, and afterward charge d'affaires in Flor- ence. He published in 1815 an anonymous biography of his friend Cardinal Consalvi, em- ployed Cornelius, Overbeck, and other German artists in Rome in fresco painting, and left a large art collection, the greater part of which, chiefly bronzes, vases, and terra cotta, has passed into the possession of the museum of Berlin. i:KTIIOIJV I. kaspar, a Danish physician and savant, born at Malmo, Sweden, Feb. 12, 1585, died in Copenhagen, July 13, 1629. He taught medicine in Basel, practised at Wittenberg, and was successively professor of rhetoric, medicine, and theology at the university of Copenhagen. His principal work, Iwtitutiones Anatomic (Wittenberg, 1611), has passed through several editions and been translated into foreign lan- guages. II. Thomas, son of the preceding, born in Copenhagen, Oct. 20, 1616, died at Hage- sted, Dec. 4, 1680. He was a physician, profes- sor of mathematics, and for 11 years of anato- my, in Copenhagen, and finally became physician to the king, director of the university library, and adjunct judge of the supreme court. lie is especially distinguished as the reputed discov- erer of the lymphatic system of vessels, though the priority in this matter was contested by Olaus Rudbeck of Sweden. His works were very numerous, the most important being De Lacteis Thoracis in Nomine Brutisque (Co- penhagen, 1652), and Vaa Lymphatica nuper HiifnitB in Animalibui inventa et in Homine, et Ilepatis Exequia (1653). I! UM II ;>l,011 1: Vt . a southeastern county of In- diana, drained by Flat Rock creek and Drift- wood fork of White river ; area, 375 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 21,133. The eastern part is gen- erally level, but in the west are hills of some elevation. The Jeffersonville, Madison, and In- dianapolis railroad and its Shelbyville division pass through the county. In 1870 the chief productions were 491,424 bushels of wheat, 1,529,675 of Indian corn, 111,839 of oats, 67,- 352 of potatoes, 9,370 tons of hay, 221,086 Ibs. of butter, and 47,590 of wool. There were 6,189 horses, 4,372 milch cows, 7,816 other cattle, 15,838 sheep, and 38,546 swine. Cap- ital, Columbus. BARTHOLOMEW BAYOt', a large stream of the S. W. United States, rises N. W. of Pine Bluff, Jefferson county, Arkansas, and flows very tor- tuously S. E., S., and S. W. into the Washita river at Washita City, Morehouse parish, Louis- iana. It is navigable by steamboats for 250 m. BARTHOLOMEW. I. Valentine, an English painter, born Jan. 18, 1799. He acquired re- nown as a flower painter, and ha been for over 30 years a member of the society of wa- ter-color painters. II. Anne Charlotte, a minia- ture and flower painter and poetess, second wife of the preceding, born at Loddon, Nor- folk, early in this century, died Aug. 18, 1862. She was a daughter of Mr. Arnall Fayer- mann and a niece of Dr. John Thomas, bishop of Rochester. In 1827 she married Mr. Wal- ter Turnbull, a composer of popular songs, who died in 1838 ; and in 1840 she became the wife of Mr. Valentine Bartholomew. She was a member of the society of female artists, and published " The Songs of Azrael," a volume of poems ; " The Ring, or the Farmer's Daugh- ter," a play (1829) ; and " It's Only my Aunt," a farce (1849). BARTHOLOMEW, Saint, one of the twelve apostles, a native of Galilee, and generally sup- posed to be the same as Nathanael, who is mentioned by St. John among the first disci- ples of Christ. According to Eusebius and other ancient authors, he preached the gospel in the Indies, under which name they generally include not only India proper, but also Arabia and Persia. It is related that in the third cen- tury traces of Christianity were found in those countries, and that a copy of St. Matthew's Gospel in Hebrew was preserved by the na- tives, who had a tradition that St. Bartholo- mew left it there when he came among them to preach the faith. He afterward journeyed into Phrygia, met St. Philip at Hierapolis, and thence passed into Lycaonia. Beyond this we are told little of his life and travels, and even the meagre accounts which we have received are of doubtful authenticity. The place and manner of his death are equally uncertain. Modern Greek writers assert that he was cru- cified at Albanopolis ; others that he was flayed alive. As we know that it was not unusual in some parts of the East to unite these two barbarous punishments, it is possible that both accounts may be true. The relics of this apos- tle have undergone many vicissitudes. We hear of them at Dura in Mesopotamia, in the island of Lipari, and at Benevento. It is believed by Roman Catholics that they rest beneath the high altar in the church of St. Bartholomew at Rome. A gospel anciently attributed to St. Bartholomew was declared apocryphal by Pope Gelasius I. A collection of writings also ascribed to him, but doubtless without reason, is known to have existed during the first four centuries of the Christian era, although no part of it now remains. His festival day in the Roman church is Aug. 24, and in the Greek June 11. BARTHOLOMEW, Saint, Massacre of, the slaugh- ter of Huguenots in France on St. Bartholomew's day (Aug. 24), 1572. It is maintained on the one hand that it was the result of a plot laid long beforehand to annihilate the Huguenots, in which religion had the prominent part ; on the other, that it was a sudden outbreak, aris- ing wholly from political motives. A desperate struggle had for many years been waged in
