BARTOLI BARTOLOMMEO 351 graphic sketches of travel with philosophical reflections ; a history of the " West Church and its Ministers ; " " Church and Congregation : a Plea for their Unity" (1858); " Word of the Spirit to the Church ; " and " Radical Prob- lem " (1872). He has also published a variety of occasional and miscellaneous discourses and essays, besides numerous contributions to the leading periodicals of the day, and several poet- ical compositions. His writings are character- ized by a remarkable individuality of thought and illustration, and a certain antique quaint- ness of style. Although of a deeply religious tone, they give more prominence to the ethical and social element than to theological doctrine. BARTOLI, Daniele, an Italian author, born in Ferrara, Feb. 12, 1608, died in Rome, Jan. 13, 1685. lie entered the society of Jesus at the age of 15, and was sent to Rome in 1650 to write the history of the order, and in 1671 was appointed rector of the Roman college. His Istoria della compagnia di Gesti, (5 vols. fol., Rome, 1653-'63; 12 vols., Turin, 1825) is in five parts, three relating to the East, including China, Japan, and Mongolia, one to Italy, and one to England, chiefly in the times of Eliza- beth and James I. He wrote also Vita e h- tituto di S. Ignazio (1689), which has been widely circulated in English ; and L 1 Homo di lettere, also translated into English. i:KTOI.I, Pietro Saiili, known also as PE- BtiGio, an Italian engraver, born about 1635, died in Rome in 1700. He was a pupil of Nicolas Poussin, and imitated his master's works with wonderful fidelity. He excelled chiefly as an engraver, his prints of Greek and Roman works being much valued by Winck- elmann. His most celebrated designs are af- ter the Scriptural frescoes of Raphael in the Vatican. His St. John, after Mola, is in the Louvre, and his " Jupiter crushing the Giants," after Giulio Romano, is at Mantua. He com- pleted over 1,000 plates, chiefly etchings, which have become very scarce. litlt'l'oi.lM. Lorenzo, an Italian sculptor, born at Savignano, near Prato, Tuscany, in 1777, died in Florence, Jan. 20, 1850. He took lessons from a French artist in Florence, . and went to Paris in 1797, where his bass relief of " Cleobis and Biton " won a prize from the academy. He became a great favorite of Na- poleon, who charged him in 1808 with the establishment of an academy at Carrara, from which city he was expelled after the over- throw of the emperor, whom he accompanied to Elba. After the battle of Waterloo he re- turned to Florence, where he directed the de- partment of sculpture, and was professor in the academy of fine arts. He was regarded in Italy as next to Canova in eminence. He ex- celled especially by his graceful drapery, and by his exquisite modelling of the flesh. In the Pitti palace at Florence is his masterwork, a marble group representing Charity. Among his numerous other works in that city are statues of the Venus de' Medici and of Machiavelli. 75 VOL. it. 23 At Milan is his statue of "Faith in God," erect- ed by the marchioness Trivulzio in commemo- ration of her husband ; in the cathedral of Lau- sanne is his monument of Lady Harriet Strat- ford Canning; and his Bacchante is in the duke of Devonshire's collection in England. In Paris he made busts of Madame de Stael, Lord Byron, the countess Guiccioli, Thiers, and many other prominent persons, besides the monument of Prince Nicholas Demidoff and the marble statues of Arnina, nvmph of the Arno (1841), and of "The Nymph with the Scorpion " (1845). i: U! 1 01.0. or Bartoll. I. Taddco di, an Ital- ian painter of the Sienese school, flourished from 1390 to 1414. He was the son and grandson of painters. Some of his pictures are at Pisa, Volterra, and Padua, and one of his celebrated madonnas is in the gallery of the late king Louis I. of Bavaria. His most re- markable fresco painting, in the vestibule of the chapel of the Palazzo Pubblico at' Siena, representing celebrated men of antiquity, was imitated by Perugio in the exchange at Peru- gia. II. Domenlco dl, nephew and pupil of the preceding, was a painter of frescoes (1440), from which Raphael while at Siena derived a knowledge of national costumes. His "Ascen- sion of the Virgin " is in the museum of Berlin. B1RTOL09IMEO, I'm, an Italian painter, whose real name was BACCIO DELLA POBTA, called also il Frate and Fra Bartolommeo di San, Marco, born at Savignano in 1469, died in Florence, Oct. 8, 1517. He studied under Cosimo Rosselli, and acquired his knowledge of chiaroscuro from Leonardo da Vinci. His first works were of small size, such as his two cabinet pictures in the Florentine gallery, rep- resenting the "Nativity" and the "Circumcis- ion." In his fresco of the "Last Judgment," in the chapel of Santa Maria Nuova, he adopted a grander style. He was an admirer and friend of Savonarola, whose execution preyed so much upon his mind that in July, 1500, he entered the convent of Prato, and subsequently that of San Marco. But he resumed his pro- fession in 1504, and became intimate with Raphael, whom he instructed in coloring and the folding of draperies, while Raphael taught him the rules of perspective. Subsequently he went to Rome, to study the works of that master and of Michael Angelo. In the convent of San Marco are some of Fra Bartolommeo's most finished frescoes. One of his finest pro- ductions, "The Virgin upon a Throne," is in the public gallery of Florence. In the Pitti palace is his single figure of St. Mark, which is described by Winckelmann as a Grecian statue transformed into a picture. In the Qiiirinal of Rome are two of his pictures, St. Peter and St. Paul. The latter was most admired by Ra- phael, who completed it. Other famous works of his are to be found in Rome, Naples, Mu- nich, Berlin, and St. Petersburg ; and those removed by Napoleon I. to the Louvre have been restored to Florence. His rarest per-
