352 BARTOLOZZI formances are in the possession of the former grand ducal family of Tuscany, including his last and one of his best works, a large picture in chiaroscuro representing the patron saints of the city surrounding the Virgin. His de- signs came into possession of Sir Benjamin West, and afterward into that of Sir Thomas Lawrence, at whose death they were sold and scattered. He was the inventor of a new method of casting draperies, and of the use of the wooden figure with movable joints. The distribution of light and shadow constitutes the great merit of his art. BAKTOLOZZI, Francesco, an Italian engraver, born in Florence in 1725 or 1730, died in Lis- bon about 1815. He was the son of a gold- smith, perfected himself in his art in Venice, Florence, and Milan, and in 1764 accompanied Richard Dalton, librarian of George III., to England, where he was employed in the royal academy, and acquired great celebrity, especial- ly by his "Death of Chatham" after Copley, and by his " Virgin and Child " after Sassofer- rato. In 1805 he was called to Lisbon by the prince regent of Portugal, who pensioned him and made him president of the academy of fine arts. He excelled in every species of engraving, and left a prodigious number of plates and etch- ings ; that of Clythia after Annibnle Carracci is one of his master-works, and other designs after the Carracci, the " Death of Dido" after Cipriani, and the " Massacre of the Innocents " after Guido, are among his more renowned pro- ductions. With Bracci he wrote Hemorie degli antiehi incisori (2 vols., Florence, 1784-'8). BARTON. I. A S. W. county of Missouri, on the Kansas border, watered by affluents of the Grand or Neosho and of the Osage river ; area, 600 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 5,087, of whom 19 were colored. The chief productions in 1870 were 21,436 bushels of wheat, 245,460 of In- dian corn, 38,347 of oats, and 7,459 tons of hay. There were 1,983 horses, 1,755 milch cows, 3,237 other cattle, 3,337 sheep, and 6,794 swine. Capital, Lamar. II. A W. central county of Kansas ; area, 900 sq. in. ; pop. in 1870, 2. The Arkansas river intersects the S. portion, and its branches, the chief of which is Walnut creek, water the greater part of the county. Fort Zarah is in this county, at the junction of Walnut creek with the Arkansas. BARTON', Benjamin Smith, an American natu- ralist, born at Lancaster, Penn., Feb. 10, 1766, died in Philadelphia, Dec. 19, 1815. He was a son of the Rev. Thomas Barton and a nephew of Dr. David Rittenhouse. After his parents' death, and after a course of general studies at York, Penn., under Dr. Andrews, he studied medicine and the natural sciences in Philadel- phia (1782-'6), and in Edinburgh and London (1786-'8), and took his medical degree in Got- tingen in 1788 or 1789. Subsequently he prac- tised his profession in Philadelphia, and be- came professor of botany and natural history, retaining this position after the incorporation of the college with the university in 1791. He BARTON received the chair of materia medica in 1795, and succeeded Dr. Rush in that of the theory and practice of medicine. He was president of the Philadelphia medical society, vice presi- dent of the American philosophical society, a member of many other American and European societies, and a correspondent of Humboldt and other savants. Among his works are : " Ele- ments of Botany" (2d ed., 2 vols., 1812-'14); "Collections for an Essay toward a Materia Medica of the United States" (3d ed., 1810); Flora Virginica (1812) ; and numerous other writings, chiefly relating to natural history, and on medical, philological, and archfeological sub- jects. His nephew, WILLIAM P. 0. BARTON, M. D., succeeded him in the chair of botany, and died in 1856. He wrote "Memoirs" of his uncle, "Flora of America" (3 vols., 1821- '3), " Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States, or Medical Botany " (illustrated, 1817- '25), and other works. BARTON, Bernard, an English poet, born in London, Jan. 31, 1784, died at Woodbridge, Feb. 19, 1849. He was a member of the soci- ety of Friends, and a bank clerk nt Wood- bridge from 1810 to 1847. His work entitled "Metrical Effusions" (1812) was followed by others, which, though deficient in poetical power, were animated with tender and de- votional feeling, and gained for him the re- gard of Southey, Lamb, and Byron, and a donation of 1,200 from a reading club which he had established at Woodbridge, besides a pension of 100 accorded to him in the latter part of his life through Sir Robert Peel. His poems fill 8 or 9 volumes, the "Household Verses " being among his latest and best pro- ductions. His sister Maria Hack wrote many juvenile works, and his daughter Lucy pub- lished in 1849 " Selections from the Poems and Letters of Bernard Barton." BARTON, Elizabeth, called the Holy Maid or the Nun of Kent, an English religious impos- tor, executed April 21, 1534. She was a ser- vant, who when seized with nervous fits broke out in ravings, of which her parish priest, Mas- ters, took advantage in 1525 to represent her as an inspired prophetess. In 1531 she was induced by Father Booking to take the veil at Canterbury for the sake of additional effect, he prompting her to denounce the reformation, and especially Henry VIII. on account of his proposed divorce from Queen Catharine. Even Sir Thomas More and Bishop Fisher of Roches- ter countenanced the imposture for a time, and the excitement among the populace became so obnoxious to the authorities that she was arrest- ed in 1533. She made a confession of the con- spiracy at St. Paul's cross in December. A bill of attainder against her and her accomplices, in- cluding Masters, Booking, Deering (who wrote a work on her revelations and prophecies), and two other persons, was passed on March 6 ; and she was beheaded with them at Tyburn. BARTON, William, nn American soldier, born in Providence, R. I., about 1747, died there,
