BAYLOR BAYONNE 409 tice in New York. His letters to Dr. Hunter upon the croup were published in 1781. In 1787 he gave lectures upon surgery. The next year his collection of specimens of morbid anat- omy was totally destroyed by the "doctors' mob." In 1792 he was professor of anatomy in Columbia college, and afterward of surgery. He was the first health officer of New York, and in 1797 published an essay, and afterward a series of letters, on the yellow fever then pre- vailing, attributing it entirely to local causes, and repudiating the theory of contagion. He exerted himself to obtain the passage of proper quarantine laws, in which he was finally suc- cessful. He died of ship fever contracted in the discharge of his official duties. His daugh- ter, Mrs. Seton, founded the Sisterhood of Charity in the United States. (See SETON, ELIZA ANN.) BAY LOR, an unsettled N. W. county of Texas, watered by the Big Wichita, the main or Salt fork of the Brazos river, and Antelope creek ; area, 900 sq. m. The surface is mostly high, broken, and rocky ; between the Brazos and Big Wichita it is mountainous. The bottom lands of the Brazos are rich. BAYLY, Thomas Haynes, an English poet and dramatist, born near Bath, Oct. 13, 1797, died April 22, 1839. For a time he was a student at Oxford, with the intention of taking holy orders ; but inheriting a fortune from his fa- ther, who was an eminent solicitor, he was prominent in fashionable society in Bath and London. In 1831 he met with a pecuniary reverse which compelled him to turn to ac- count his talent for music and song-writing, and his general literary abilities, which had long before attracted favorable attention. His " Melodies of Various Nations," with musical accompaniments arranged and composed by himself and Sir Henry Bishop, appeared in 1832, and attained an immediate success. In a very few years he wrote 36 pieces for the stage, several novels and tales, and hundreds of songs. Among his best known songs are : "We met, 'twas in a crowd," "The Soldier's Tear," " Oh no, we never mention her," " Why don't the men propose?" and " I'd be a butter- fly." His literary works are: "Aylmers," a novel ; " Kindness in Women," a collection of tales in 3 vols. ; " Parliamentary Letters and other Poems ; " " Rough Sketches of Bath ; " and " Weeds of Witchery," a volume of poems. After his death his widow published 2 vols. of his poems, with a biography. BAYNE, Peter, a Scottish author and critic, born in Aberdeenshire in 1829. He was edu- cated at Marischal college, Aberdeen, and after- ward studied theology at Edinburgh, and philos- ophy under Sir William Hamilton. In 1851-'2 he contributed to "Hogg's Instructor" a series of critical essays on De Quincey, Alison, Hugh Miller, and others, which attracted marked at- tention, and were especially commended by De Quincey and Alison. Their success de- termined him to devote himself to literary life, and in 1855 he published "The Christian Life, Social and Individual," in which Hugh Miller said some of the biographies "condense in comparatively brief space the thinking of ordi- nary volumes." This work was Immediately republished in Boston, and was followed by a collection of the essays from " Hogg's Instruc- tor," with several new ones written for this edition, under the title of "Essays in Biogra- phy and Criticism" (2 vols., Boston, 1857-'8). In 1855 he was editor-in-chief of a Glasgow newspaper, " The Commonwealth ; " but in 1856 he resigned and visited Germany for health and study. After his arrival in Berlin he was appointed to succeed Hugh Miller as editor of the Edinburgh " Witness," but did not assume that position till the summer of 1857, meantime pursuing his German studies and marrying a daughter of Gen. Gerwien of the Prussian army. He has since published in the " Witness " several extended essays and criticisms, particularly a series in defence of Hugh Miller's "Testimony of the Rocks" against an attack in the " North British Re- view," and these have been issued in a pam- phlet edition. He has also published "Testi- mony of Christ and Christianity " (reprinted in Boston, 1862), and "The Days of Jezebel," a historical drama (Boston, 1872). BAYONET, a sword-like blade adapted to be affixed to the muzzle of a musket or rifle and used by infantry. It was invented in France (at or near Bayonne, whence the name) about the year 1640. Up to that time the mus- keteers were niixed with pikemen to protect them from a closing enemy. The bayonet en- abled musketeers to withstand cavalry or pike- men, and thus gradually superseded the pike. Originally the bayonet was fastened to a stick for insertion into the barrel of the musket ; the socket bayonet, fastened by a tube pass- ing round the barrel, was a later invention. The French did not do away entirely with the pike till 1703, nor the Russians till 1721. At the battle of Spire, in 1703, charges of infan- try were first made with fixed bayonets. The bayonet has been variously modified in form, the better to adapt it to its original purpose or to collateral uses. Among recent improve- ments is the trowel or spade bayonet, calcu- lated both for offensive use and for digging intrenchments. BAY'OME (Basque, "baia ona, good bay), a city of S. W. France, department of Basses- Pyrenes, at the confluence of the Nive with the Adour, 2| m. from the bay of Biscay, 18 m. from the Spanish frontier, and 113 m. S. S. W. of Bordeaux ; pop. in 1866, 26,338. It is separated into three parts, Great and Little Bayonne and the suburb of Pont St. Esprit, which is on the opposite side of the Adour, and is inhabited mainly by Jews, descendants of fugitives from Spain. Bayonne is strongly fortified, has one of the finest arsenals in France, handsome quays and promenades, a mint, a the- atre, a seminary, schools of commerce, naval
