BOIS-LE-DUC BOIVIN 797 in the S. E. part of the county; pop. in 1870, 995. It contains a penitentiary, a U. S. assay office, a national bank, 3 grist mills, and 3 news- papers. It is reached in two days by stage from Indian Creek, Utah, on the Central Pa- cific railroad. The place was formerly a trad- ing post of the Hudson Bay fur company ; it now commands the trade of the miners on the W. slope of the Rocky mountains, and of the surrounding agricultural country. Bills -LI-;- DIC (Dutch, 'iffertoyenbosch, the duke's wood, or Den BoscK), a fortified city of Holland, capital of North Brabant, at the junction of the Dommel and the Aa, which here form the Dieze, 27 m. S. by E. of Utrecht ; pop. in 1868, 25,038. The town is 5 m. in circumference, handsome and well built, and traversed by several canals, crossed by upward of 80 bridges. It is the seat of a Roman Cath- olic bishop, and has a handsome town hall, eight churches, including a fine Gothic cathe- dral, an orphan asylum, prison, two hospitals, a citadel, two forts, barracks for 3,000 men, an academy of painting, sculpture, and archi- tecture, and manufactures of thread, ribbons, cutlery, and glass. Bois-le-Duc was founded by Godfrey III., duke of Brabant, in 1184, on the site of a hunting seat, whence the name. The city was taken from the Spaniards by Prince Frederick Henry of Orange, after a se- vere siege, in 1629, by the French under Piche- gru in 1794, and by the Prussians in 1814. BOISSIEr, Jean Jatqnes de, a French engraver, born in Lyons, Nov. 29, 1736, died there, March 1, 1810. He first devoted himself to painting; but his health having suffered by the prepara- tion of colors, he turned to engraving and etch- ing. He was a friend of Joseph Vernet, and in his own line had no rival. His etchings, which are either original compositions or copies of Flemish pictures, may be ranked next to those of Rembrandt. BOISSY, Hllalre Etienne Octave Rouille, marquis de, a French politician, born in Paris, March 4, 1798, died there, Sept. 26, 1866. He was a member of an ancient and opulent family, served as secretary of legation in London un- der Chateaubriand, and in 1839 entered the chamber of peers, where his continued alterca- tions with its president, the duke de Pasquier, and his eccentric invectives, acquired for him much notoriety. His exposure of political scan- dals caused him to be invited to the political banquet in Paris which preceded the downfall of Louis Philippe ; but by opposing the ex- treme revolutionists he lost his chance for an election to the constituent and legislative as- semblies. In 1853 he became a member of the imperial senate, where he became conspicuous for his bitter and occasionally brilliant speeches, and his animosity against the ultra liberals of 1848. He married in 1851 Lord Byron's former mistress, the countess Guiccioli. BOISST D'ANGLIS, Franfols Antolne de, a French statesman, born at St. Jean Chambre, Dec. 8, 1756, died in Paris, Oct. 20, 1826. His family were Protestant, and had destined him to the bar ; but having purchased the place of stew- ard to the count of Provence, afterward. Louis XVIIL, he devoted his leisure to literary pur- suits. He was chosen a member of the states general and of the convention. In the latter he for the most part sided with the Girondists. He voted for the trial of Louis XVI., for his captivity, and for his deportation, and, when extreme measures were determiner 1 upon, for an appeal to the people in his behalf, and for the postponement of his execution. These evidences of moderation rendered him ob- noxious to the committee of public safety, and throughout the reign of terror he kept himself in the background; but on the downfall of Robespierre he reappeared at the tribune. He was chosen secretary of the convention, Oct. 7, 1794, and two months later a member of the committee of public safety. While super- intending the provisioning of Paris, he was de- nounced by the populace as having caused the scarcity of bread which prevailed. In the dreadful insurrections of April 1 and May 20, 1795, his situation was exceedingly difficult and dangerous, yet he acted with firmness and judg- ment. He presided over the tumultuous delib- erations of the convention with like intrepidity. After the convention passed away, he was a member of the council of 500, and subsequently president. Being hostile to the directory, he he was accused, Sept. 5, 1797, of corresponding with the royalist club of Clichy, and condemned to deportation. For two years he was con- cealed, but at last surrendered himself a pris- oner at the island of O16ron. Bonaparte re- leased him, and in 1800 named him to the tribunate, where he was chosen president in 1803. The following year he became a mem- ber of the senate, with the title of count. On the restoration of the Bourbons in 1814, he gave in his adhesion to the new government, and was made a peer of France. He was the author of an Essai sur la vie, lea ecrits et les opinions de M. de Jfalesherles (2 vols. 8vo, Paris, 1819-'21), and of fitvdei litteraires et poetiques d'un vieillard (5 vols. 12mo, 1825). BOISTE, Pierre Claude Vlrtoire, a French lexi- cographer, born in Paris in 1765, died at Ivry, April 24, 1824. He was successively an advo- cate, printer, and man of letters, and composed a Dictionnaire univenel de la langue fran- caise, a work of great merit, and deserving the popularity which it immediately obtained. It appeared in 1800, and passed through six edi- tions during the lifetime of the author. To each edition the author added some new feature, first the etymologies, then the original authori- ties, finally sentences and maxims, or select thoughts, where each word is employed. He published also a Dictionnaire de geographie universelle aneienne et moderne (1806), and several works on the principles of grammar and literature. BOIVIN, Marie Anne Vlrtoire Gillaln, a French midwife, born near Paris, April 9, 1773, died
