HUALLAGA HUBBARD gold, as the royal fifth, into the treasury of Trujillo. But he did not obtain the whole of it, for in 1592 it was again opened, and 47,020 castellanos of gold were paid into the treasury as the royal fifth. So it seems that not less than 677,600 castellanos of gold, equal to $931,000, were taken from this single tomb. The name huaca, as applied to aboriginal graves, gradually became extended to the provinces adjacent to Peru on the north, where they were also found to contain more or less of treasure. The name has also been applied to Indian graves in the district of Chiriqui in Colombia, whence many golden ornaments and images have been extracted. HUALLAGA, a river of Peru, rising on the E. slope of the Eastern Cordillera, about lat. 10 S. and Ion. 75 30' W., flowing N. W. parallel to that range as far as lat. 8, where it curves to the N. E., and joining the Marafion or Upper Amazon at La Laguna, lat. 4 50' S. and Ion. 75 40' W., after a tortuous course of some 600 m., mainly through the Pampa do Sacra- mento, a region of which little is definitely known. For 60 m. from its mouth the Hua- llaga is navigable by the largest vessels ; above that point rapids occur at intervals of about 50 m., but these do not impede the passage of canoes, especially in the upper por- tion of the river. HUA9IANGA. See AYACUOHO. HI A( A I,U< A. I. An inland department of Peru, occupying a portion of the valley bor- dered by the Eastern and Western Cordilleras S. E. of the department of Lima. The surface is intersected by numerous hills, and watered by the Jauja and other rivers, and numerous lakes. The climate is mostly very cold, and the soil rather inferior to that of other parts of the republic. There being no forests, wood isscarce, and the chief combustible used is a species of grass called iehu. Gold is found, silver is abundant, and there is some copper; but the principal mineral product is mercury, es- pecially that from the mine in the Cerro de Santa Barbara, discovered in 1563, the mean annual yield of which for 200 years was from 400,000 to 600,000 Ibs. Large numbers of cat- tle, sheep, and llamas are reared, and wool of excellent quality is exported. II. A city, cap- ital of the department, and of a province of the same name, 150 m. S. E. of Lima ; pop. about 8,000. The streets are regular, and the houses solidly constructed of stone ; several stone bridges cross the streams intersecting the town. Owing to the elevation, 12,670 ft. above the sea, the climate is very cold, and the town is exposed to fierce tempests, thunder, hail, and frost. Husbandry, cattle rearing, and mining are the chief occupations. In the immediate vicinity are numerous mercury furnaces ; and excellent colors are extracted from a peculiar species of metalliferous clay which abounds in the neighborhood. IltAXTA, a town of Peru, in the department of Ayacucho, 205 m. S. E. of Lima; pop. about 5,000. It is in a very picturesque and fertile region, is well built of stone, and has a large trade in cattle, sheep, grain, fruit, coca, dragon's blood, cinnamon, honey, &c. Ill 1M>. I. An inland department of Peru, occupying a portion of the valley bordered by the Eastern and Western Cordilleras, N. of the department of Lima. The surface is irregular, being intersected by hills mostly densely wood- ed, and delightful vales, watered by the Hua- llaga, Jauja, and numerous minor streams. The climate, hot in the low and cold in the elevated regions, is very salubrious, and the soil is extremely fertile and well cultivated. Precious woods, particularly cedar, and coca leaves are important articles of commerce. The sugar cane thrives well, and sugar is man- ufactured in several places ; and cotfee of su- perior quality is grown. The plains, though of inconsiderable extent, afford good pasturage for large herds of cattle and sheep; and the horses of Concepcion are highly esteemed. The district of Cerro de Pasco, formerly the capital of the department, has long been cele- brated as the principal mining region of Peru. There are weaving factories at Tarma and else- where. Ruins of towns, temples, palaces, and fortresses, in various parts of the department, attest the opulence and civilization of the an- cient Incas, once the exclusive lords of the soil. II. A city, capital of the department, and of a province and district of the same name, near the river Huallaga, 165 m. N. N. E. of Li- ma; pop. about 7,000. The only objects of interest still remaining in this once flourishing city are the ruins of edifices attesting its early splendor, and particularly a palace and temple of the sun, built by the Incas. Besides mining and agriculture, the manufacture of sweet- meats, much prized in Lima, occupies many of the inhabitants. It was founded in 1539 by Gomez Alvarado, who named it Leon de los Caballeros. Ill K I/, an inland city of Peru, capital of the department of Ancachs, and of a district of its own name, 192 m. N. N. W. of Lima; pop. about 6,000. It is situated in the valley of Huaraz, one of the most fertile in the republic, and derives its importance from the large quan- tities of wheat and other grains, sugar, fruit, and cattle which it exports. Wood is here ex- tremely scarce, and in its stead a species of peat called champa is used for fuel. The min- eral productions, including gold, silver, and copper, are of considerable value. A railway is in course of construction (1874) from Iluaraz to Chimbote, 172 m. HCASTECAS. See QUETZALCOATL. HUBBARD, William, an American historian, born in England in 1621, died in Ipswich, Mass., Sept. 14, 1704. He graduated at Har- vard college in 1642, and was ordained in 1658 as minister at Ipswich, where he contin- ued during the remainder of his life. In 1688 he was temporary rector or president of Har- vard college. He is the author of " A Narra-
