128 GOTTSCIIED ceived a diploma as doctor of philosophy at Kdnigsberg, where he became a dramatist. Subsequently he resided at Hamburg, Breslau, and Posen, and from 1864 at Leipsic as editor
- ,-re Zeit, of Blatter fur literarische Un-
terhaltungen, and of Der neue Plutarch (1874 et teg ) His poetical works include OedicJite (1849), Die Gottin (1863), Carlo Zeno (1854), Neue Gedichte (1858), Kriegslieder (1871), and Janus: Friedens- und Kriegsgedichte (1873). The most renowned of his plays are the com- edy Pitt und Fox, the drama Mazeppa, and the tragedies Kaiharina Howard and Herzog Bern- hard von Weimar. Among his prose writings are Die deutsche Nationalliteratur im 19. Jahr- hundert (3 vols., 1853-'72), Poetik (1858), and Portrait und Studien (4 vols., 1870-71). GOTTSCHED, Jobann Christoph, a German au- thor, born at Judithenkirch, near Konigsberg, Feb. 2, 1700, died in Leipsic, Dec. 12, 1766. He was educated at Konigsberg, studied the- ology, but abandoned it for philosophy and belles-lettres, and was for 32 years professor of logic and metaphysics at Leipsic. He be- came president of the literary society of Leip- sic in 1726, held for a time a sort of literary dictatorship in Germany, placing purity of language and clearness and elegance of style above all other literary merits, while his op- ponents of the Zurich school, Bodmer and others, contended for originality and genius. He was an indefatigable author, and left trage- dies, translations, philosophical treatises, and various controversial and critical works. His chief merit was in contributing to make the German language the sole medium of instruc- tion, by publishing popular manuals and abridg- ments of scientific and philosophical works in the vernacular tongue. GOUD1, a town of the Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, on both banks of the Gouw at its junction with the Neder Yssel, 11 m. N. E. of Rotterdam; pop. in 1868, 15,776. It is entered by five gates, and has canals through the centre of all its streets. It has five churches, that of St. John being very magnificent. The principal manufactures are tobacco pipes, cotton fabrics, parchment, leather, and white lead. GOUGH, Hngh, viscount, a British general, born at Woodstown, Ireland, Nov. 3, 1779, died March 2, 1869. He entered the army in 1794, and, after serving against the Dutch at the Cape of Good Hope and in the West Indies, in 1809 joined the British forces in Spain, distinguishing himself at Talavera, Ba- rosa, Vitoria, Nivello, &c. During the war in China (1841) he was commander-in-chief of the land forces, and for his services was made a baronet. Having been transferred to India with the supreme command, in December, 1843, ho gained the battle of Maharajpore gainst the Mahrattas of Gwalior. Upon the taMkfoa out <.f tin- first Sikh war in 1845, he defeated th- i-m-my at Moodkee, Dec. 18, and again ut Ferozethah on the 22d. He finished GOUJET the campaign, Feb. 10, 1846, by taking the in- trenched camp of the Sikhs at Sobraon, though with terrible loss to his own troops. For these victories he was raised to the peerage as Baron Gough. His services in the second Sikh war (1848-'9) were characterized by bravery rather than generalship. At Mamnuggar an inde- cisive battle was fought. Another at Chillian- wallah (Jan. 13, 1849) came near being a de- feat; but after a severe struggle the British remained masters of the field, though with the loss of nearly 2,500 men. On Feb. 21 Gough completely routed the Sikhs at the town of Guzerat. News of the dearly bought victory of Chillianwallah having reached England, Gough was superseded in the command of the In- dian army by Sir Charles Napier. The vete- ran, however, was raised to the additional rank of viscount in acknowledgment of his bravery and long service, was thanked by parliament, and a pension of 2,000 was settled upon him- self and his two next successors. He was made field marshal in 1862, and at his death was commander of the forces. GOUGH, John B., an American orator, born at Sandgate, England, Aug. 22, 1817. He came to America in 1829, and soon after became a bookbinder's apprentice in New York. He be- came intemperate, and was accustomed to sing and recite in grog shops, where his powers of mimicry and action made him a favorite. He fell into great poverty, but about 1840 took the temperance pledge, and soon began to lec- ture on temperance, both in America and Eng- land. In time he added other subjects, and became a very popular orator. In November, 1873, he recited one of his orations in New York, announcing that this would probably be his last public appearance in that city. He has published his autobiography (1846), and a volume of orations (1854). He resides near Worcester, Mass. GOUGH, Richard, an English antiquary, born in London, Oct. 21, 1735~ died Feb. 20, 1809. He was a fellow of the royal society, .and for many years director of the society of anti- quaries, of which he wrote a history, and to whose Archceologia he was a frequent contrib- utor. Among his works are enumerated an edition of Camden's Britannia, the valuable additions to which were the fruit of many excursions through England, Scotland, and Wales; "Anecdotes of British Topography" (4to, 1768; enlarged, 2 vols. 4to, 1780); and " Sepulchral Monuments of Great Britain " (3 or 5 vols. fol., !786-'96). GOUJET, Claude Pierre, a French author, born in Paris, Oct. 19, 1C 97, died there, Feb. 1, 1767. He was educated at a college of Jesuits, entered the order of Oratorians, and proved a zealous Jansenist. His labors as historian, compiler, and critic injured his health during his later years; he lost his sight, and was obliged to sell his library. Of his many works the ^following are the most important: Billi- otheque des ecrivaim eccUsiastiques (3 vols.,
