GOUJON GOULD 129 1736) ; Dissertations sur Vetat des sciences en France depuis la mart de Charlemagne jusqu'a celle du roi Robert (1737) ; Histoire du ponti- ficat de Paul V. ; Bibliotheque francaise, ou Histoire litteraire de la France (18 vols. 12mo., 1740-'59) ; Memoire Jiistorique et litteraire sur le college royal de France (4to, 1758) ; and Memoires historiques et litteraires (1767). He edited Richelet's Dictionnaire, and Moreri's Dictionnaire historique. GOUJON, Jean, a French sculptor, born in Pa- ris about 1515, said to have been killed there on St. Bartholomew's day, Aug. 24, 1572. Little is known of his life until 1541, when he was employed at Paris in producing the beautiful sculptures of the rood loft of St. Germain- 1'Auxerrois, and at Rouen in the cathedral and in the church of St. Maclou. In 1548 Henry II. employed him in decorating the chateau of Anet, which he was building for his mistress, Diana of Poitiers. There he produced the celebrated group, now belonging to the Louvre, of Diana and the stag. Another huntress Diana by him is in the chateau of Malmaison. In 1550 the fontaine des innocents was com- menced in the rue St. Denis; it was trans- ported in 1788 to the square which it now adorns. He was also employed as an architect on the old Louvre. Several of his best works are still extant. See (Euvres de Jean Goujon, with 90 outline plates by Reveil (Paris, 1844). GOULBURN, a city of New South Wales, Aus- ia, in Argyle co., near the junction of the Iwarree ponds and Wollondilly river, on the Great Southern railway, 120 m. S. W. of Sydney ; pop. about 3,500. It is the seat of an Anglican and a Roman Catholic bishop. Prominent among the public buildings are several churches, the hospital, the mechanics' institute, the court house, and the jail. The progress of the town has thus far been chiefly due to agriculture ; but in its vicinity are found gold, copper, and other metals, and marble. Goulburn was made a city in 1865. In 1872 it had three newspapers. GOULBURN, Edward Meyrich, an English cler- man, born in 1818. He was educated at ton, and at Balliol college, Oxford, became fellow of Merton college in 1841, and for a number of years was a tutor in the university, being at the same time incumbent of Holywell, Oxford. In 1850 he was elected head master of Rugby school, and in 1858 became minister of Quebec chapel and prebendary of St. Paul's, London. He was also appointed one of the chaplains in ordinary to the queen and incum- bent of St. John's, Paddington, and in 1866 was made dean of Norwich. Dean Goulburn is a voluminous and popular writer. Among his chief works are : " The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Body " (Bampton lectures, 1850) ; " Principles of the Cathedral System Vindicated;" "Thoughts on Personal Reli- gion," with a sequel on the "Pursuit of Holi- ness;" "Sermons in Norwich" (1870); and "The Holy Catholic Church " (1873). had E GOULD, Angnstns Addison, an American nat- uralist, born in New Ipswich, N. H., April 23, 1805, died in Boston, Sept. 15, 1866. His father's family name was Duren, which was changed to that of Gould. He graduated at Harvard college in 1825, took his medical de- gree in 1830, and commenced practice in Bos- ton. During his college life he devoted his spare moments to the study of natural history; in the early part of his professional career he lectured frequently on scientific subjects, and for two years gave instruction in botany and zoology at Harvard college. In 1855 he deliv- ered the annual discourse before the Massachu- setts medical society, and in 1856 received the appointment of visiting physician to the Mas-, sachusetts general hospital. He was an accom- plished naturalist, and in the department of conchology stood preeminent both at home and abroad. His principal published works are: a translation of Lamarck's " Genera of Shells " (1833) ; " System of Natural History " (1833) ; " The Invertebrate Animals of Massachusetts " (1841); "Principles of Zoology," with Prof. Agassiz (1848) ; " Mollusca and Shells of the United States Exploring Expedition under Capt. Wilkes" (4to, 1852, with an atlas of plates); the completion of Dr. A. Binney's "Land Mollusks of the United States" (3 vols. 4to, 1851-'5) ; " The Mollusca of the North Pacific Expedition under Capts. Ringgold and Rogers" (1860); and " Otia Conchologica " (1863). He was also a frequent contributor to scientific and literary periodicals. GOULD, Benjamin Apthorp, an American as- tronomer, born in Boston, Sept. 27, 1824. Af- ter graduating at Harvard college (1844), he went to Gottingen, where he pursued his math- ematical and astronomical studies under Gauss, and took his degree in 1848. He was for some time an assistant in the observatory at Altona with Schumacher and Petersen. After visiting many of the chief observatories of Europe and spending some time at each, he returned to America, and was employed in the United States coast survey, having charge of the lon- gitude determinations, the telegraphic methods of which he very greatly improved. In 1866 he made the first determinations of transatlan- tic longitude by telegraph cable. In 1856 he was appointed director of the Dudley observa- tory at' Albany, and superintended its building and arrangement in 1857- 1 8. His occupancy of this post ended in January, 1859, owing to a disagreement with the trustees of the insti- tution, which led to a prolonged and painful conflict, carried on through pamphlets and the public press. A committee of scientific men subsequently justified the action of Prof. Gould in the matters leading to this misunderstand- ing. In 1868 he was appointed to organize and direct the national observatory of the Ar- gentine Republic at Cordova. After ordering the instruments in Europe and erecting the building at Cordova, he began work therewith four assistants in 1870. Since that time he has
