11-' GRAFTON of elastic sponge, 7 of furniture, 14 of gloves and mittens, 5 of hosiery, 3 of iron castings, 1 1 of dressed skins, 8 of paper, 4 of shoe pegs, 25 of starch, 6 of woollen goods, 69 saw mills, 10 tanneries, 5 currying establishments, and 6 flour mills. Capital, Haverhill. GRAFTOX, a town of Worcester co., Massa- chusetts, on the Blackstone and Quinsigamond
- ind on the Blackstone canal and t?he
Boston and Albany and Providence and Wor- cester railroads, 38 m. S. W. of Boston ; pop. in 1870, 4,594. It comprises several villages, and is extensively engaged in manufacturing, the canal and rivers furnishing water power. There are 8 cotton mills, with 30,170 spindles, several currying establishments, and extensive boot and shoe factories. The town has also mica quarries, two national banks, 18 public schools, including a high school, and seven churches. GRAGNANO, a town of S. Italy, in the prov- ince of Naples, at the foot of Monte Pendolo, 19 m. S. E. of Naples; pop. about 10,000. It is the seat of a bishop, and has manufactures of macaroni and a considerable trade in wine. GRAHAM. I. An extreme W. county of North Carolina, formed since the census of 1870 from Cherokee co., bounded N. E. by the Tennessee river, and separated from Tennessee by the Iron mountains ; area, about 300 sq. m. The surface is mountainous; the soil of the val- leys is fertile. Capital, Fort Montgomery. II. A N. W. unsettled county of Kansas; area, 900 sq. m. It is intersected by the South fork of Solomon river, and drained by Saline river. GRAHAM, Isabella, a Scottish philanthropist, born in Lanarkshire, July 29, 1742, died in New York, July 27, 1814. Her maiden name was Marshall. In 1765 she married Dr. John Graham, an army surgeon, and went with him to Canada and to Antigua, where he died in 1774. Returning to Scotland, she taught school in Paisley and in Edinburgh. In 1789 she came to New York, and established a seminary for young ladies. Before leaving Scotland she originated the " Penny Society," now known as tho " Society for the Relief of the Destitute Sick ;" and through her efforts in part or en- tirely, the " Society for the Relief of Poor Widows," the " Orphan Asylum Society," the "Society for Promoting Industry among the Poor," and the first " Sunday School for Ig- norant Adults," were established in New York. She aided also in organizing the first mission- ary society and the first monthly missionary prayer meeting in the city ; was the first presi- dent of the Magdalen society ; systematically visiu-d the inmates of the hospital, and the sick IVmale convicts in the state prison ; and to hundreds of families distributed Bibles, as well as tracts prepared under her own direc- tion. Hi T nit -mi lira were written by Dr. Mason (8vo, 1816), and her letters and correspondence 1 1-y her daughter, Mrs. Bethune, were published in New York in 1838. GRAHAM, John, Viscount Dundee and Lord O rah am of Claverhouse (by which latter title GRAHAM he is most generally known), a Scottish soldier, born near Dundee in 1643, killed at the battle of Killiecrankie, July 17, 1689. Educated at the university of St. Andrews, he served both the French and the Dutch as a soldier of for- tune from about 1670 to 1677, when he re- turned to England. Letters of recommenda- tion from the prince of Orange to Charles II. caused him to be appointed captain of one of the troops of dragoons which the king was sending into the western lowlands to force the Covenanters to comply with the established religion. His own merciless severity was so well seconded by his troopers, that his name is held in lasting execration. Defeated at Drumclog by the exasperated Covenanters, he took a fearful revenge at Both well bridge, and continued his atrocities through the west- ern shires. Ennobled in November, 1688, by James II., he ardently espoused the king's cause against the prince of Orange, attended the parliament convened in Edinburgh to ar- range the succession to the crown, and, be- coming alarmed for his personal safety, fled from the city with a squadron of horse. Sev- eral disaffected clans and a body of Irish joined him. At the pass of Killiecrankie he routed the troops of William III., and fell by a chance shot in the moment of victory. His qualities as a soldier and a politician, which were con- spicuously displayed during the last few months of his life, have diverted attention somewhat from his crimes; and Sir Walter Scott, in his " Old Mortality," has presented a vigorous though highly colored picture of him. One of the latest attempts to relieve his character from the odium which attaches to it was made by Prof. Aytoun in the appendix to his " Lays of the Scottish Cavaliers." See also Me- morials and Letters illustrative of the Life and Times of John Graham of Claverhouse, Vis- count Dundee, by Mark Napier " (3 vols., Ed- inburgh, 1859-'62). GRAHAM, Sylvester, an American reformer, born in Suffield, Conn., in 1794, died in North- ampton, Mass., Sept. 11, 1851. Almost from childhood he was dyspeptic and rheumatic, and having tried successively farm labor, paper making, travelling with a horse dealer, shop- keeping, and teaching, was driven from them all by feeble health and symptoms of con- sumption. In 1823 he entered Amherst col- lege to prepare for the ministry. There the fervor of his elocution was ridiculed as the- atrical, and this almost determined him to seek some other profession; but in 1826 he married, and soon after became a Presbyte- rian preacher. In 1830 the Pennsylvania tem- perance society engaged him as a lecturer, and he took up the study of physiology and anatomy, from which he was convinced that the only permanent cure for intemperance was to be found in correct habits of living and judicious diet. This idea, which he ex- tended to the cure of diseases generally, was set forth in his "Essay on Cholera" (1832),
