GRANVELLE g the treaty of Passau, which followed it. The first service of importance which he ren- dered Philip, the emperor's son, was in arrang- ing (1553) his marriage with Mary of England. On the accession of Philip II. in 1555, Gran- velle became his minister, and delivered on his behalf an eloquent address to the Flemish peo- ple. While Philip remained in the Netherlands he was guided by the counsels of his minister. The regulations in reference to Protestantism, adopted in 1550, were reenacted in 1556. The Spaniards having gained the victory of St. Quentin over the French, Granvelle was in- strumental in negotiating the treaty of Ca- teau-Cambr6sis, which was signed in 1559. Soon afterward Philip II. returned to Spain, and left Margaret of Parma regent of the Neth- erlands ; but with her was associated a council, advisory power in doubtful and important cases being reserved to a consulta consisting of three members of the council. Granvelle was one of this select body, and had the other two com- pletely under his control ; and it was soon obvious that he wielded all the power of Spain in the Netherlands. His administration became odious, and his appointment was considered a violation of the law, because he was a foreigner. His paramount object was the restoration of the supremacy of the Catholic church. Spanish troops were retained in the country ; the gen- eral assembly of the states was not called to- gether ; and 13 new bishoprics were created. In 1560 Granvelle was made archbishop of Mechlin, and primate. But what incensed the people most was the preparations for the intro- duction of the Spanish inquisition. Granvelle alone was held responsible for these abuses, and the wrath of the nobles and the people was concentrated upon him. In 1561 he was crea- ted a cardinal. In 1563 William of Orange, Egmont, and Horn united in a formal remon- strance to the king against his proceedings, but without avail. At last even Margaret of Parma yielded to the pressure and joined in the request for his recall. But it was not until Granvelle himself had signified his acquiescence that Philip II. commanded him " to leave the Low Countries for a few days, and go to Burgundy to see his mother." He obeyed the command in 1564, and never returned. He retired to Besangon, and occupied himself with litera- ture and the physical sciences. In 1565 he went to Rome by the king's order, and par- ticipated in the election of Pope Pius V. In 1570 he was employed to negotiate the alliance between Spain, Rome, and Venice against the Turks. He next became viceroy of Naples, and in 1575 was recalled to Madrid, where Philip made him president of the supreme council of Italy and Castile. He negotiated the terms of union between Spain and Portugal, and when Philip went to take possession of his new king- dom, Granvelle acted as regent during his ab- sence. The marriage contract between the infanta Catharine and the duke of Savoy was effected by his management. In 1584 he re- GRANVILLE 161 signed the archbishopric of Mechlin, to accept the less opulent see of Besancon. He was a patron of letters, enriched the college of Be- sancon, founded by his father, and contributed largely to support the printing establishment of Plantin at Antwerp. He left a large num- ber of his own letters, of those of foreign min- isters, of Charles V., and of Philip, and of state papers and documents. Eighty years after- ward they were assorted by the abbe Boissot, forming a collection of 82 volumes. A selec- tion from them has been published by the French government (9 vols. 4to, 1841-'61). GKANYILLE, a N. county of North Carolina, bordering on Virginia, intersected by Tar river and watered by the Neuse river ; area, about 750 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 24,831, of whom 13,355 were colored. The surface is slightly hilly, and the soil generally good. The chief productions in 1870 were 110,209 bushels of wheat, 306,113 of Indian corn, 115,593 of oats, 16,484 of Irish and 34,298 of sweet potatoes, 129,595 Ibs. of butter, 2,134,228 of tobacco, and 277 bales of cotton. There were 2,722 horses, 4,073 milch cows, 4,828 other cattle, 881 sheep, and 18,986 swine ; 2 iron founderies, and 39 manufactories of tobacco. The county is trav- ersed by the Raleigh and Gaston and the Roa- noke Valley railroads. Capital, Oxford. GRANYILLE, a village of Licking co., Ohio, pleasantly situated on an affluent of Licking river, 3 m. from the Central Ohio division of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, and 25 m. E. N. E. of Columbus; pop. in 1870, 1,109. The town is neatly built. Denison university (Bap- tist) was organized in 1831, and in 1872 had 10 professors and instructors, 191 students (71 collegiate), and a library of 11,000 volumes. The scientific department, organized in 1854, had 21 students. The Granville female col- lege had 8 instructors and 111 students; and the young ladies' institute (Baptist) had 8 in- structors and 115 students. GRANVILLE, a seaport town of Normandy, France, in the department of La Manche, on the English channel, at the mouth of the Bosq, 29 m. S. W. of St. L6 ; pop. in 1866, 15,622. It has a small harbor with a fine granite pier capable of mounting cannon, is built in terraces formed on the side of a promontory, is sur- rounded with walls, and has a fort on the sum- mit of the promontory. The town has a school of navigation, and the inhabitants are chiefly engaged in the cod and oyster fishery. GRANVILLE, George, Baron Lansdowne, an English author and statesman, born in 1667, died Jan. 30, 1735. He entered Trinity col- lege, Cambridge, at the age of 10, and three years later received the degree of M. A. About the same time he began to write poetry, and on the accession of James II. addressed sev- eral pieces of verse to him. During the reign of William and Mary he lived in retirement and wrote several plays, one of which, " He- roic Love," is highly praised in a passage of Dryden. His
