162 GRANVILLE formed 40 times. Becoming by the death of his father and elder brother the head of the influential family of Granville, he entered par- liament in 1710, and in the same year was ap- pointed secretary of war in place of Walpole. In January, 1712, he was created Baron Lans- downe of Biddeford. Upon the queen's death he lost his offices, and, on account of his avowed sympathy for the pretender and his participation in the scheme for raising an in- surrection in the west of England, was com- mitted to the tower in September, 1715, where he was confined till Feb. 8, 1717. Being sus- pected again in 1722 of some connection with the Atterbury plot, he retired to France, and returning to England in 1732 published his works in prose and poetry in 2 vols. 4to. GRANVILLE, Granville George Leveson Cower, second earl, a British statesman, born in Lon- don, May 11, 1815. He was educated at Eton and Oxford, and entered public life in 1835 as attach6 to the British embassy at Paris, of which his father, the first Earl Granville, a well known diplomatist, was the head. In 1836 he was returned to parliament for the borough of Morpeth, subsequently became under secretary of state for foreign affairs, and sat for Lichfield from September, 1841, to January, 1846, when he succeeded to his title. He held the seals of the foreign office in the Russell cabinet from December, 1851, to February, 1852, and was lord president of the council from December, 1852, to June, 1854, from February, 1855, to February, 1858, and from June, 1859, to June, 1866. In 1868 he again became a member of the cabinet as secretary of state for the colonies. In the house of lords he was a leader in de- bate, and ably sustained liberal views in regard to the Irish church bill, 1869, and the land bill, 1870. On the death of Lord Clarendon in 1 870 he became secretary for foreign affairs. He resigned with the other members of the Glad- stone cabinet in February, 1874. GRANVILLE, John Carteret, earl, an English statesman, born in Bedfordshire, April 22, 1690, died Jan. 2, 1763. He was educated at West- minster school and at Oxford, and as Baron Carteret took his seat in the house of lords in 1711. His zeal in support of the Protestant succession caused George I. to promote him in 1715 to be bailiff of the island of Jersey, and in 1716 to be lord lieutenant of Devonshire. In 1718 he was ambassador to Sweden ; in 1720 ambassador extraordinary at the congress of Cambrai; from May, 1721, to April, 1724, secretary of state ; and from that time till 1730, with a brief intermission, he was lord lieutenant of Ireland. Afterward he was prominent in the debates in the house of lords till February, 1742, when he was again made secretary of state, and in September following was sent to the states general to assist in de- vising measures to maintain the liberties of the United Provinces. The succeeding year he passed with the king in Hanover. In 1744, by the death of his mother, he succeeded to GRAPE the title of Earl Granville, and shortly after he was compelled to resign his office. Du- ring his parliamentary career he was conspicu- ous for his speeches on questions arising from the Edinburgh riots, and he was the mover for the settlement of 100,000 a year from the civil list on the Prince of Wales. Macaulay says : "No public man of that age had great- er courage, greater ambition, greater activity, greater talents for debate or for declamation, No public man had such profound and exten- sive learning. His knowledge of modern lan- guages was prodigious. He spoke and wrote French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, German, even Swedish." He alone of the ministers of George I. could converse with the monarch in his native tongue. His ministry was popularly termed the "drunken administration," an ex- pression not altogether figurative, for Gran- ville's habits were extremely convivial, and champagne lent its aid to keep him in that state of joyous excitement in which his life was passed. No misfortune could depress him. His spirits were constantly high. When driven from office, says Macaulay, "he retired laugh- ing to his books and his bottle." Ill as he had been used, he did not seem, says Horace Wal- pole, " to have any resentment, or indeed any feeling except thirst." GRAPE, the fruit of woody vines of the genus vitis (the ancient Latin name), the type of the order vitacece, which includes shrubs climb- ing by tendrils. At each node or joint of the grape-vine is borne a leaf, with a tendril or flower cluster upon the opposite side ; the leaves are long-petioled, palmately veined, va- riously lobed and smooth or downy in different species; in the axil of each leaf are produced two buds, one of which develops the same season, producing what the vineyardist calls "laterals," while the other remains dormant as a provision for the growth of the following year. The tendrils are branched ; the branches have hooks at the ends, and when these catch hold of some supporting object the tendril coils spirally, rapidly becomes woody, and holds the vine with great firmness. The tendril may be considered as a modified branch, which in some cases bears flowers and fruit ; nothing is more common than to find in our native vines clusters in which one of their branches retains its tendril character and helps to hold up the fruit. The flowers of the wild grape are sometimes dioecious, but in cultivated ones perfect ; they are very small ; the calyx short and lined with a disk, which bears the petals and stamens ; petals five, cohering at the apex T and forming a little cap which in flowering falls off entire ; stamens five, with a gland or lobe of the disk between each pair ; a single pistil, with a two-lobed stigma, has a two- celled ovary with two ovules in each cell ; this in ripening becomes a one- to four-seeded berry. The flowers of the grape are delightfully fra- grant, recalling the odor of mignonette. Grapes are found in the temperate climates of both
