256 GRIMES remained the hereditary princes for upward of seven centuries. They belonged to the Guelph faction, and cooperated with the Fies- chi in those incessant struggles with the Ghi- bellines, headed by the Doria and Spinola fam- ilies which kept Genoa in a turmoil; and notwithstanding the law of 1339 excluding the nobles, both Guelph and Ghibelline, from holding supreme authority in the state, they continued to exert the greatest influence in the government of their country. The Gri- maldis possessed large estates in France and Italy. Branches of this family still exist in Nice and southern France. RANIERI II. was the first Genoese who led the fleet of the re- public beyond the strait of Gibraltar. As an ally of Philip the Fair of France, he defeated in 1304 the Flemish fleet under Guy of Flan- ders, whom he took prisoner. CARLO II., sur- named the Great, commanded the Genoese crossbowrnen in the battle of Cre"cy. His troops, rendered helpless by the damage which a heavy shower had caused to their bow- strings, were attacked not only by the Eng- lish, but also by the French, who were en- raged at the falling back of their allies, and a dreadful carnage ensued, in which their com- mander was killed (1346). ANTONIO, an ad- miral, in 1332 avenged the aggressions of the Catalonians and Aragonese by ravaging their coasts. The supremacy which the Genoese thus gained was maintained till 1353, when the combined Catalonian and Venetian fleets, under command of Nicol6 Pisani, inflicted a disas- trous defeat upon Grimaldi off the coast of Sardinia, by which the naval strength of Genoa was for a time prostrated. GIOVANNI, in the service of the Milanese, gained a decided victory over the Venetian fleet under Trevesani on the Po, in 1431, taking numbers of galleys and immense spoils. DOMENIOO distinguished himself as a zealous churchman, and also as a naval commander at the battle of Lepanto (1571). He was advanced to the dignity of cardinal, and extirpated heretical doctrines from his diocese. GERONIMO, who died in 1685 at the age of 89, was also an ecclesiastic, and as bishop of Aix effected some very wholesome Teforms in his diocese. He annually distribu- ted 100,000 livres in alms. He was sent as jjuncio to Germany by Urban VIII., who made him a cardinal. GRIMES, an E. county of Texas, bounded W.
- by Navasoto and Brazos rivers ; area, 902 sq.
ra. ; pop. in 1870, 18,218, of whom 7,921 were colored. The surface is rolling and occupied by prairies and forests. Much of the soil is a rich black loam. The county is traversed by the Houston and Texas Central railroad. The chief productions in 1870 were 336,690 bushels of Indian corn, 80,966 of sweet potatoes, and 10,025 bales of cotton. There were 3,569 horses, 1.305 mules and asses, 5,779 milch cows, 4,765 working oxen, 17,814 other cattle, 3,794 sheep, and 15,913 swine; 3 saw mills, .and 3 carriage factories. Capital, Anderson. GRIMKE GRIMES, James Wilson, an American states- man, born in Deering, N. H., Oct. 20, 1816, died in Burlington, ' Iowa, Feb. 7, 1872. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1836, and removed to Burlington, where he began the practice of law. He was a delegate to the first territorial legislature of Iowa in 1838, and held a seat in the state legislature for several terms. In 1854 he was the whig and freesoil candidate for governor, canvassed the state in person, and was elected, though his party had previously been in the minority. He held the office three years, and did much to secure lib- eral legislation in behalf of common schools and a better treatment of the insane. He was elected to the United States senate in 1859, and reflected in 1865. In the senate he was chairman of the committees on naval affairs and public lands, and a member of the special joint committee on the rebellious states. On the trial of President Johnson he was one of the few republican senators who voted for ac- quittal. In 1869, in consequence of a stroke of paralysis, he resigned his seat in the senate, and made a brief tour in Europe. GRDIKE. I. Thomas Smith, an American law- yer and scholar, born in Charleston, S. 0., Sept. 26, 1786, died near Columbus, 0., Oct. 12, 1834. He graduated at Yale college in 1807, studied law in Charleston, and rose to eminence at the bar and in politics. Among his more noted efforts were a speech in the state senate on the tariff question in 1828, in which he supported the general government, and an argument on the constitutionality of the South Carolina test act in 1834. He be- came more widely known by his addresses in behalf of peace, religion, and literature. An early and prominent advocate of the American peace society, he held the opinion that even defensive warfare is wicked. He entertained some eccentric notions on the subject of educa- tion, and in several pamphlets he introduced a new system of English orthography. He pub- lished several addresses before Sunday schools and peace societies, before the society of the Cincinnati at Charleston, July 4, 1809, and be- fore various societies and associations on sub- jects connected with education. A volume of his addresses was published at New Haven in 1831. II. Frederick, brother of the preceding, born in Charleston, S. C., Sept. 1, 1791, died March 8, 1863. He removed to Ohio, where he held for many years the office of judge of the court of common pleas and of the supreme court. He was the author of a work on " The Nature and Tendency of Free Institutions" (Cincinnati, 1848), and of an essay on " Ancient and Modern Literature." HI. Sarah Moore, sis- ter of the preceding, born in Charleston, S. C., Nov. 26, 1792, died at Hyde Park, Mass., Dec. 23, 1873. From early youth she and her younger sister Angelina felt a strong repug- nance to slavery, and on receiving slaves by inheritance immediately set them free. About 1828 they removed to Philadelphia and joined
