the society of Friends. In 1836 they began to lecture against slavery, and their addresses had great influence on public opinion. In 1837-'8 Sarah visited Massachusetts, making many public speeches, and wrote for Garrison's " Liberator " a series of letters on " The Equal- ity of the Sexes," which were afterward pub- lished in a volume. In these letters all the principles and nearly all the arguments since advanced by the woman's rights party were anticipated. In the latter part of her life Miss Grhnke was a teacher of French, and trans- ted and published Lamartine's Jeanne cTArc d Emile Souvestre's Confession* d'un ou- '. Her sister became the wife of Theodore ight Weld. (See WELD.) GRIMM, Friedrich Melchior, baron, a French tic, born in Katisbon, Dec. 26, 1723, died in itha, Dec. 19, 1807. After distinguishing self as a scholar at Leipsic, he accompanied unt Schonberg to Paris as tutor to his chil- He soon afterward became reader to e prince of Saxe-Gotha, gained the acquaint- .ce of J. J. Eousseau about 1749 by his taste music, was introduced into the circle of the cyclopa3dists, and was made secretary suc- vely of Count Friesen and of the duke of rleans. He was noted for romantic and senti- ental amours, and joined the coterie of critics ho favored the Italian and assailed the French ra. Pie achieved his first literary success a pamphlet entitled Le petit prophete de hmischbroda (Paris, 1753), a plea in Biblical yle for Italian music, which, together with veral lively and enthusiastic critiques on the gave him the reputation of one of the ost brilliant French writers. Employed by .e abbe Raynal to conduct his foreign corre- mdence, Grimm became the regular corre- dent of seven royal personages, among horn were Catharine II. of Russia, Gustavus I. of Sweden, and Stanislas Poniatowski of 'oland, chronicling for them the literary move- nts for which Paris was then distinguished, is correspondence, which gives a detailed tory of French literature from 1753 to 1790, one of the best collections of criticism of the century. No important work appeared France during that period which is not the subject of ingenious and piquant remarks. He was appointed in 1776 by the duke of Saxe- Gotha his envoy at the French court, and saw the outbreak of the French revolution and de- scribed its early scenes, but retired from Paris with the other members of the diplomatic corps, and passed his last years at Gotha, hold- ing from 1795 the title of minister plenipoten- tiary of Russia. His Correspondance litteraire, philosophique et critique was published in Paris (16 vols., 1812-'13). A new edition, an- notated by Taschereau (5 vols., 1829-'31), con- tains passages suppressed by the censorship un- der the Napoleonic regime. The Correspon- dance inedite de Grimm et Diderot appeared in 1829, and Etudes sur Grimm, by Sainte- Beuve and Paulin Limayrac, in 1854. GRIMM 257 GRIMM. I. Jakob Ludwig, a German philolo- gist, born in Hanau, Jan. 4, 1785, died in Ber- lin, Sept. 20, 1863. He studied law in the university of Marburg under Savigny, whom in 1805 he accompanied to Paris. In 1806 he returned to Hesse, was appointed secretary of war, and devoted his leisure to the literature of the middle ages. He participated in the congress of Vienna (1814-'15), and was sent to Paris by the Prussian government to obtain manuscripts carried thither by Napoleon. He was second librarian at Cassel from 1816 to 1830, when he became professor and librarian at Gottingen, and for seven years lectured on the antiquities of the German language, liter- ature, and law. In 1837 he was one of the seven professors who signed the protest against the abolition of the constitution by the king of Hanover, for which he with most of the signers was deprived of his office and ban- ished. He published a pamphlet on the sub- ject entitled Jalcob Grimm uber seine Entlas- sung (Basel, 1838). In 1841 he was called to Berlin as member of the academy of sciences and as professor. He presided over the as- semblies of German philologists held in Frank- fort in 1846 and in Lilbeck in 1847, was a member of the Frankfort parliament of 1848, and participated in the gathering at Gotha in 1849, acting with the moderate liberal party. His first publication was Ueberden altdeutschen Meistergesang (Gottingen, 1811). It was fol- lowed by his Deutsche Grammatik (4 vols., 1819-'37), containing a history of the gramma- tical forms of all the Germanic dialects in the different eras of the language. His Deutsche Rechtsalterthumer (1828; new ed., 1854) re- counts the poetical and fantastic customs which flourished among the Germans in the middle ages; and his Deutsche Mythologie (1835 ; 2d ed., 1843) is a complete discussion of the old gods of the North. His Geschichte der deutschen Sprache (2 vols., Leipsic, 1848 ; 2d ed., 1853) traces the ethnological affinities of the German- ic nations by comparative philology. Among his numerous other works are a collection of German proverbs, Weisthumer (4 vols., Gottin- gen, 1840-'63), and editions of various mediae- val productions. He also published, in con- nection with his brother Wilhelm Karl, the German Kinder- und Hausmarchen (Berlin, 1812 ; often republished, and translated into English and French), one of the most popu- lar collections of juvenile stories ; Altdeutsche Walder (3 vols., Cassel, 1813-'16) ; Die Lieder der Alien Edda (Berlin, 1815) ; Deutsche Sagen (2 vols., Berlin, 1816-'18); and Irische Elf en- mar chen (Leipsic, 1826), founded on Croker's " Fairy Legends." In 1852 he and his brother commenced the publication of the Deutsches Worterbuch, on a plan more elaborate and ex- tensive than that of any dictionary of any mod- ern language. It was intended to include every word employed in German literature from Luther to Goethe. He lived to complete three volumes and a part of the fourth, embra-
