noraru there GRD ocean, GRINNELL the Faulhorn and other mountains. About 4 m. S. E. of the village the two glaciers of Grind el wald issue from both sides of the Met- tenberg ; they belong to the field of ice which occupies the table land and elevated valleys of the Bernese Alps. The upper one descends lower than any other glacier in Switzerland, being almost on a level with inhabited houses. It is accessible without danger, and the little or lower glacier is so easily explored that it is popularly known as the DamengletscJier (lady's glacier). GRINNELL, a town of Poweshiek co., Iowa, at the intersection of the Central railroad of Iowa with the Chicago, Rock Island, and Pa- cific line, about 50 m. E. by N. of Des Moines ; pop. in 1870, 1,482. It is in a fertile undu- lating prairie, and is the seat of Iowa col- lege (Congregational), originally established at Davenport. This institution was organized in 1848, and has a normal and English depart- ment, besides academic courses and a regular collegiate course. It possesses a valuable mu- seum of natural history and extensive philo- sophical apparatus. The college and society libraries contain 6,500 volumes. In 1872-'3 re were 19 professors and 338 students. CRINNELL LAND, a tract of land in the Arctic separated from Greenland by Kennedy channel and Robeson strait. Its discovery has been claimed by both English and American explorers. It was seen by the first Ameri- can Grinnell expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, under Lieut. De Haven, Sept. 22, 1850, and eight months later was visited by Capt. Penny in the British vessel Lady Frank- lin. This officer, ignorant of its previous dis- covery, gave it the name of Prince Albert land. Dr. Kane, on his second expedition in 1854, explored and mapped it toward the west and north, in Ion. 76 W., and as far 1ST. as lat. 82. Capt. Hall in 1871 sailed up its coast to lat. 82 16', and his crew reported that its extreme N. point appeared to be about lat. 83 20', I whence the shore trended westward. GRIQUAS, or Baastaards, a mixed race of S. Africa, consisting of the progeny of Dutch set- tlers by Hottentot and Bush women. They occupy the right bank of the great bend of Gariep or Orange river, on the N. frontier of Cape Colony, and are supposed to number about 15,000 souls, most of whom profess Christianity and are partly civilized. They have a prosperous community at Griqua Town, about 500 m. N. E. of Cape Town, under the direction of the London missionary society. This place was the seat of a well known Chris- tian chief named Waterboer, who managed du- ring his reign of 30 years (about 1814-'44) to break up the marauding practices for which his people had been noted. The chiefs are elect- ed. The people retain many of the characteris- tics of both African and European progeni- tors. The Christians of this race are generally well clad. Many of them are thriving agricul- turists and cattle breeders. GRISCOM 259 GRISAR, Albert, a French composer, born in Antwerp, Dec. 26, 1808, died at Asnieres, near Paris, June 14, 1869. He was sent to Liver- pool to qualify himself for business pursuits, but left that city secretly and studied music in Paris under Reicha. The outbreak of the Bel- gian revolution soon obliged him to return to Antwerp, where he continued to practise his art, and his first productions, the ballad La folle and the comic opera Mariage impossible, made him famous and won from the Belgian government an allowance of 1,200 francs. Ho then took up his permanent residence in Paris. The best of his earlier comic operas, each in one act, are IJEau merveilleuse (1844), Gillea ramsseur (1849), and Bon soir, Monsieur Pan- talon. Among his later works, in three acts, are Les amours du (Liable (1853), La chatte merveilleuse (1862), and Les tegayements de V amour (1864) ; but one of the most popular is the one-act piece Le chien dujardinier, first performed in 1855. He had Afraja, in three acts, JKigolo, in one act, and four other new operas nearly completed at the time of his death. His most popular ballad is Adieu, beau rivage de France. GRISCOM. I. John, an American educator, born at Hancock's Bridge, Salem co., N. J., Sept. 27, 1774, died in Burlington, N. J., Feb. 26, 1852. He belonged to a family of Friends, passed his youth on a farm, and began to teach when but 17 years old. He studied for a time at the Friends' academy in Philadelphia, and afterward for 13 years had charge of the Friends' monthly meeting school in Burlington, during which time students were attracted thither from all the surrounding states. In 1807 he removed to New York, and taught there for 25 years. In 1818-'! 9 he travelled extensively in Europe, visiting the principal institutions of learning and charity, prisons, and manufacto- ries, and in 1823 published " A Year in Eu- rope " (2 vols.). He was one of the founders and for six years secretary of the society for the prevention of pauperism, and was the au- thor of many of its reports. He was also the projector of the New York high school, which was under his supervision from 1825 to 1831. He was literary principal of a Friends' boarding school in Providence, R. I., from 1831 to 1835, when he removed to Burlington. In the last years of his life he reorganized the common school system of New Jersey. His biography, by his son John H. Griscom, was published in New York in 1859. II. John Hoskins, an American physician, son of the preceding, born in New York, Aug. 13, 1809, died there, April 28, 1874. He studied at the Rutgers medical college, New York, and at the university of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1832, his inaugural thesis being published by the facul- ty. In 1833 he was appointed assistant phy- sician to the New York dispensary, and in 1834 chief physician. He was professor of chemistry in the New York college of pharmacy from 1836 to 1840. In 1843 he was appoint-
