IIACKLlNDER ady riots. In 1854 he engaged Grisi and io, and gave successfully a series of Italian ras throughout the United States. Until 869, when he withdrew from the stage, he con- tinued to act at intervals. His Falstaff was thought to be his best character, and in it he made his last appearance in New York, Dec. 25, 1869. He projected the plan for the Shake- are monument in the Central Park, and the r stone was laid under his auspices at the akespeare tercentenary, April 23, 1864. He blished "Notes, Criticisms, and Correspon- e upon Shakespeare's Plays and Actors " ew York, 1863). HACKLANDER, Friedrlch Wilhclm Ton, a Ger- author, born at Burtscheid, near Aix-la- apelle, Nov. 1, 1816. He qualified himself mercantile pursuits at Elberfeld, to which returned after serving for a short time in the y. Becoming dissatisfied with commercial life, he removed to Stuttgart, where he pub- "ished in 1841 Bilder aw dem Soldatenleben in nszeit and Wachtstubenabenteuer, which e him famous. In the same year he ac- panied Baron Taubenheim, the grand mas- of the horse, to the East for the selection Arabian horses for King William of Wur- temberg. After his return he published tches of oriental life (Daguerreotypen, 2 , 1842), and Pilgerzug nacJi MeTclca (1847). e king gave him employment in the ex- quer, and in 1843 he became secretary and .veiling companion of the crown prince, the iresent King Charles. His active duties ter- minated in 1849, though he retained a salary. He then joined the suite of the Austrian general Radetzky during the war with Sardinia, and published Soldatenleben im Kriege (2 vols., 1849-'5p). His visit to Spain in 1854 he de- scribed in Ein Winter in Spanien (2 vols., 1855). 1859 he went to the headquarters of the .ustrian army at the request of the emperor ncis Joseph, who afterward conferred upon a patent of hereditary nobility. In the ne year he was appointed director of royal ildings and gardens at Stuttgart, and con- buted greatly to the embellishment of that He lost his office on the death of King illiarn in 1864, but continued to reside in 'tuttgart. His complete works were pub- lished in 48 vols. in 1863-'6, but now (1874) number about 70 vols., include, besides his popular military sketches and books of travel, a number of comedies, of which J)er geheime 1 0850) was the most successful ; delinea- s of his early mercantile experiences (Han- und Wandel, 2 vols., 1850; translated into glisli by Mary llowitt, "Behind the Coun- r," 18f>8); and stories, tales, and novels, which
- e him in the front rank of humorous and
thetic writers. Many of them have been nslated into French, and Mrs. Wister trans- ted one of them into English under the title Enchanting and Enchanted" (Philadelphia, 870). The following are among his most aborate novels: Europaischen Sklavenleben (4 384 VOL. viri. 24 HADDOCK 3C7 vols., 1854); Der neue Don Quixote (5 vols., 1858); Kunstlerroman (5 vols., 1866); Das Ge- heimniss der Stadt (3 vols., 1868) ; Der letzte Bombardier (4 vols., 1870); GescJiichten im Zick-Zaclc (4 vols., 1870-'71); Der Sturmvogel (6 vols., 1871-'2); and Kaimeichen (1874). HACKMATACK. See LARCH. HADDINGTONSHIRE, or East Lothian, a county of Scotland, bordering on the frith of Forth, the North sea, Berwickshire, and Edinburgh- shire, or Mid-Lothian ; area, 280 sq. in. ; pop. in 1871, 37,770. The surface rises gradually, though with slight undulations, from the coast toward the Lammermuir hills. It is divided by the river Tyne into two nearly equal portions. The climate is heathful, but variable. The soil is in general fertile. The low lands of the north and west are extremely productive, and the districts adjoining the Lammermuir range are adapted to pasturage. The principal crops are wheat, potatoes, and turnips. Sheep and cattle are reared in the hill districts. There are no manufactures of any importance. Capi- tal, Haddington, on the Tyne, 1.7 m. E. by N. of Edinburgh ; pop. about 4,000. HADDOCK. I. A soft-rayed fish of the cod family, and genus morrhua (Cuv.). This well known species varies in length from 1 to 2 ft., and in weight from 2 to 6 Ibs., though some have been taken weighing 17 Ibs. The color is dark gray above and silvery gray below, with a jet-black lateral line, and an oblong dark blotch on each side, on a line with and just above the pectorals. The body is stout in the anterior half, tapering backward ; the head is large, flattened between the eyes, and the snout prominent ; the eyes large, with bluish iris ; the upper jaw the longer, with several rows of sharp-pointed teeth, and a single row in the lower; a very minute barbule suspended from the chin. There are three dorsals, the first high and triangular, whence its name of M. mglefinus (Linn.) ; the pectorals are triangular, and the ventrals are in front of them, under the throat; there are two anals, and the caudal is emarginated. The haddock is found every- where on the American coast from New York to the arctic regions; they occur in immense Haddock (Morrhua regleflnus). shoals, often changing ground as their food becomes exhausted; they are found on our coast from spring to autumn, at the season when cod are scarce. It is an excellent fish when eaten fresh. The spawning time is in early spring; its food consists of small fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and marine worms;
