462 HARING HARIRI port, England, about 1816. At the age of 14 he went to sea on board a merchant ship, and during the succeeding three years visited almost every part of the world as a sailor. In 1.834 he settled in Australia, where he married, and engaged in farming and stock raising. In 1849 he went to California, where he worked in the gold diggings, and was struck with the similarity between the geological structure of California and that of Australia. In January, 1851, he returned to Australia, and on Feb. 5 set out from Sydney on horseback to cross the Blue mountains and explore for gold on the Macquarie river and its tributaries. Having concluded his investigations, he wrote to the colonial secretary, April 30, 1851, naming va- rious places in the district of Bathurst where gold might be found. Within the year follow- ing this disclosure gold was exported from New South Wales and Victoria to the amount of nearly $20,000,000. Hargraveswas appointed commissioner of crown lands ; the legislative council of New South Wales voted him 10,- 000 ; a gold cup worth 500 was presented to him at a public dinner; and he received va- rious other public and private rewards. In 1854 he returned to England, where he pub- lished a volume entitled "Australia and its Gold Fields" (8vo, London, 1855). HARING, Wilhelm, better known under his nom de plume WILIBALD ALEXIS, a German novelist, born in Breslau, June 23, 1797, died at Arnstadt, Dec. 16, 1871. He served in the army as a volunteer, and studied jurisprudence. Having gained reputation by historical nov- els, he became especially known by writing a romance entitled Walladmor, in compliance with a wager to produce an imitation of Wal- ter Scott's works. De Quincey undertook to translate this romance into English, but his version, though published with the title of "Walladmor" (London, 1824), was so much modified as to be nearly an original work. He wrote several books of travel, and was engaged in various branches of literature, but most successfully as a writer of historical nov- els. The best of them are: ScTiloss Avalon (Leipsic, 1827) ; Cdbani* (6 vols., Berlin, 1832), containing a military song which was set to music and became very popular ; Der Roland von Berlin (3 vols., Leipsic, 1840) ; Derfalsche WaUemar (3 vols., Berlin, 1842); Die Uosen des Herrn von Bredow (2 vols., 1846-'8); Euhe ist die erste Biirgerpflicht (5 vols., 1852) ; Ise- grimm (1854) ; and Dorothee (1856). A com- plete edition of his works was published in Berlin in 1861-'6, in 18 vols.. In concert with Hitzig he prepared 28 of the 36 volumes of Der neue Pitaval (Leipsic, 1842-'65), a collection of historical sketches of criminal cases (new series by Vollert, 7 vols., 1866-72). IIARIWTON, Sir John, an English poet, born at Kelston, near Bath, in 1561, died in Lon- don in 1612. His mother was nn illegitimate daughter of Henry VIII., his father an officer of the court, and Queen Elizabeth was his god- mother. He was educated at Eton and Cam- bridge. In 1591 he published a translation of Ariosto's "Orlando Furioso," which gained him considerable reputation. In 1599 he ac- companied the earl of Essex to Ireland, and attended him also in his precipitate return to England. While he was in Ireland, Essex knighted him on the field, to the great dis- pleasure of Elizabeth ; but James I. made him a knight of the bath in 1603. He wrote a satiric poem called the "Metamorphosis of Ajax " (1596), after the manner of Rabelais, in which he embellished a trivial subject with a vast store of learning, wit, and humor. The author was refused a license to print it, and was punished for its publication by exclusion from the court. In the same year he published an "Apologie" for the "Metamorphosis." " The Englishman's Doctor, or the Schoole of Salerne," a poem, appeared in 1608 or 1609. A collection of his " Most Elegant and Wittie Epigrams " was appended to an edition of his " Orlando Furioso " in 1 633 ; and a miscellany of original papers in prose and verse by Har- ington and others of his time, under the title of NugcB Antigua, was published in 1769-79. A new edition with a life of Harington was edited by Thomas Park (London, 1804). HARIRI, Abu Mohammed Kasem ben Ali, an Arabian poet, born in Bassorah about 1050, died there in 1121 or 1122. The name Hariri, u dealer in silk," is believed to refer to the occupation of the poet or one of his ancestors. For a while he held a political office, having the title of salidb al-khdbar (news officer). He had passed the age of 50 when Syria and a part of Mesopotamia were conquered by the Christians of the first crusade, and an incident of this expedition is said to have inspired him with the idea of writing the Makamat (plural of malcama, resting place, assembly). A de- tachment of crusaders surprised the town of Seraj, pillaged and burned it, massacring the men and carrying away the women. Among the few who escaped was Abu Seid, who ap- peared in rags before Hariri and his friends, and made a deep impression upon the poet by the elegance of his recital. This man served as a model for the hero of the Makamat, who received his name, Abu Seid of Seraj, while the poet seems to have painted himself in the person of the narrator, Hareth ben Hammam. Abu Seid, who appears in the 50 tableaux or novelettes of the poem, is a scholar and poet, eager to enjoy life, careless of the restrictions of custom, and nowise ashamed of his poverty. The Arabs regard the Makamat as the great treasury of their language. Having conse- crated his last malcama to the glorification of his native city, and to the recollections of his youth, Hariri makes his Abu Seid, now grown old, vow repentance and devotion to the cares of eternity. He continued, however, to revise and correct his work till his death. He is also the author of numerous grammatical works, of which the Molhat al-Irdb is a versified essay
