504 HARVEY HASDRUBAL and to see his discoveries universally acknowl- edged. He was a man of even temper, and in liis controversy on the doctrine of circulation with Riolanus, professor of anatomy in Paris, the only one in which he personally engaged, exhibited a forbearance, modesty, and discre- tion eminently worthy of imitation. Harvey's works, which are written in Latin, display ele- gant scholarship, and occasionally a consider- able degree of eloquence. The best edition, pub- lished by the college of physicians in 1766, and preceded by a life of the author in Latin by Dr. Lawrence, contains, in addition to his works above enumerated, his reply to Riolanus, an anatomical account of Thomas Parr, who died at the age of 152, and nine letters on anatomi- cal subjects. During the civil war his house in London was pillaged, and a number of valu- able manuscripts were destroyed, the loss of which he never ceased to deplore. The library of the British museum possesses two manuscript works by him, De Musculis et Motu Anima- lium and De Anatomia Universali ; the latter, dated April, 1616, contains the germ of the doctrine of circulation. The most recent pub- lication of Harvey's works is the translation by R. Willis, M. D., brought out under the auspices of the Sydenham society (8vo, London, 1847). For authorities concerning his life, see Law- rence's memoir, Sprengel's " History of Medi- cine," Aikin's " Biographical Memoirs of Medi- cine in Great Britain," " Lives of British Phy- sicians" in Murray's " Family Library," &c. ; and for a notice of his discoveries, see CIBOU- LATION, and EMBRYOLOGY. HARVEY, William, an English engraver and designer, born in Newcastle-on-Tyne about 1800, died Jan. 13, 1866. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to Thomas Bewick, and in 1816 went to London and put himself under the instruction of Haydon, whose " Dentatus" he engraved on wood. From 1840 he almost exclusively devoted himself to designing for wood engraving, and produced an immense number of works. Many important publica- tions were illustrated by him, including Lane's translation of the " Arabian Nights," the " Pil- grim's Progress," Northcote's "Fables," and Knight's " Pictorial Shakespeare." His style is original, but has occasional mannerisms. HARWICH, a seaport of Essex, England, situ- ated on a point of land opposite the confluence of the Orwell and Stour, 66 m. N. E. of Lon- don; pop. in 1871, 6,107. The harbor is one of the best on the E. coast of England, be- ing completely sheltered, and having water sufficient to float the largest ships of war. Hundreds of colliers and other vessels anchor here during the prevalence of N. E. winds. It is defended by three forts and a redoubt, with a moat and drawbridge. Two fixed lights in- dicate the entrance, which is encumbered with rocks, and dangerous without a pilot. Steam packets sail regularly between Harwich and Antwerp, in connection with the Great East- ern railway. Ship building, and other employ- ments connected with maritime affairs, occupy a great portion of the population. Harwich has become a place of fashionable summer re- sort, as it is surrounded by beautiful scenery and affords sea bathing. The town is of Saxon origin. In 1318 it was incorporated by Ed- ward II., and in the campaign of 1346-'7 it supplied 14 ships to the fleet of Edward III. HARWOOD, Edward, an English author, born in Lancashire in 1729, died in London, Jan. 14, 1794. He was educated for the ministry, and in 1765 took charge of a small Unitarian so- ciety in Bristol. At the end of five years, in consequence of charges affecting his religious opinions and private character, he was induced to go to London, where he passed the remain- der of his life. He published " A Liberal Trans- lation of the New Testament" (2 vols., 1767); "Introduction to the Study of the New Testa- ment " (2 vols., 1767-'71) ; " View of the vari- ous Editions of the Greek and Roman Clas- sics" (1775); and "The New Testament col- lated with the most approved MSS., with Se- lect Notes in English, Critical and Explanato- ry " (2 vols., 1776). HASDRUBAL, or Asdruhal (in Punic, probably, " he whom Baal aids "), the name of a number of Carthaginian naval and military comman- ders, celebrated in the history of the three Punic wars, of whom the following are the most distinguished: I. Son-in-law, and suc- cessor in the command in Spain, to the great Hamilcar Barca, after whose death in 229 B. C. he continued his operations with the assis- tance of the young Hannibal, founded New Carthage (now Cartagena, in Murcia), and con- cluded a treaty with the Romans, which made the Ebro the boundary of the Roman and Car- thaginian possessions in the peninsula. He was killed by a Gallic slave in revenge for the death of his master, and was succeeded in com- mand by Hannibal (221). II. Son of Hamil- car, was left in Spain when his brother Han- nibal started on his expedition across the Pyrenees and Alps to Italy (218). Being af- terward prevented from following him by a defeat on the Ebro which he suffered from an army under Publius and Cneius Cornelius Scipio, he fought in Africa against Syphax, king of a Numidian tribe, and again in Spain, where he was successful against his former adversaries, both of whom fell (211). Two years later he was defeated by the son of Pub- lius, the afterward renowned Scipio Africanus, though he could not be prevented from cross- ing the Pyrenees while hastening to the as- sistance of his brother in Italy. Arrived in Umbria, he lost his army and life on the banks of the Metaurus, between the modern Pesaro and Sinigaglia, being defeated by the Romans under C. Claudius Nero and M. Livius (207). His head is said to have been cut off and thrown into Hannibal's camp. III. Son of Gisco, commander in the second Punic war, fought in Spain, 214-206 B. C., was defeated together with Mago by P. C. Scipio toward
