EASE the end of this period, and retired to Africa, where by giving to Syphax his daughter So- phonisba, already promised to Masinissa, he caused the enmity of Masinissa to the Cartha- ginians. Together with Syphax he was twice defeated by Scipio, who had landed in Africa in 204. The condemnation to death pro- nounced against him by the irritated people, which did not deter him from continuing in arms against the enemies of his country, was reversed after the arrival of Hannibal. Finally, however, being driven to despair by the pub- lic hatred, he terminated his life by poison. IV. Commander against Masinissa and in the third Punic war, when he twice defeated the Roman consul Manilius, bravely opposed Scipio Africanus the younger, and after the taking of Carthage by the latter retired into the citadel, and finally, with a small number of his own troops and a host of deserters, to the temple of ^Esculapius. Further resistance being im- possible, he secretly went over to the camp of Scipio to implore his mercy. The conqueror spared his life, but showed him to the deserted defenders of the temple, and he saw his wife throw her children and then herself into the flames of the burning edifice. Having adorned the triumph of Scipio, he spent the remainder of his life as a captive in Italy. BASE, Karl August, a German theologian, born at Steinbach, Saxony, Aug. 25, 1800. He stud- ied theology at the universities of Leipsic, Er- langen, and Tubingen, was imprisoned for five months in 1819 on account of his participa- tion in the movement of the Burschenschaft, became Privatdocent of theology at Tubingen in 1823, professor of philosophy at Leipsic in 1829, and professor of theology at Jena in 1830. For many years he took a prominent part in the theological disputes of the day, and in 1844 became one of the editors of the Protestan- tische KircJienzeitung of Berlin, the organ of the German rationalists. His works are very numerous, and several of them have passed through many editions. Among them are : Lehrbuch der evangelischen Dogmatilc (1 825 ; 6th ed., 1870); Onosis (3 vols., 1827-'9; 2d ed., 1870); Hutterus Redimvus, oder Dogma- tik der evangelischen Kirche (1829 ; 10th ed., 1862); Das Leben Jesu (1829; 5th ed., 1865; translated by James Freeman Clarke, Boston, 1859); Kirchengeschichte (1834; 9th ed., 1867; translated by C. E. Blumenthal and C. P. "Wing, Few York, 1856); Neue PropJieten (1851); Franz von Assisi (1856); Das geist- liche ScJiauspiel (1858); Der Papst und Ita- lien (1861); Polemik gegen die romiscTi-Tcatho- lische Kirche (1862; 2d ed., 1871) ; and Ideale und IrrtMmer (1872). HASENCLEVER. I. Peter, a German manu- facturer, born at Remscheid, Rhenish Prussia, Nov. 24, 1716, died in Landshut, Prussian Si- lesia, June 13, 1792. Frederick the Great had a hiirh opinion of his business capacity, and was in the habit of consulting him. In 1765 he es- tablished a house in New York for the sale of HASLINGDEN 505 hemp, potash, and iron. Having become bank- rupt by the mismanagement of a partner, he re- turned to Europe, and carried on a large linen trade in Landshut until his death. He was the author of "Letters from Philadelphia" in the correspondence of Schlozer, part 35 (1780), and of a "Description of the City of New York, "in the commercial notices of Sinapius, part 4 (1781). II. Jolianu Peter, a German painter, of the same family with the preceding, born at Remscheid, May 18, 1810, died in Diis- seldorf, Dec. 16, 1853. He was educated at Diisseldorf under Schadow, and subsequently at Munich. Among his works, a series enti- tled the "Jobsiad" are well known. HASENPFLUG, Karl Georg Adolf, a German painter, born in Berlin, Sept. 23, 1802, died April 13, 1858. He was the son of a shoe- maker, and learned his father's trade, but ob- tained admission to the studio of the decorative painter Gropius, where he attracted the notice of King Frederick William III. He executed paintings of the cathedrals of Halberstadt, Magdeburg, Erfurt, Bamberg, and several oth- ers ; and in 1830 he was placed in charge of the restoration of the Magdeburg cathedral. In 1835 he took up his residence in Cologne, to make a special study of the cathedral, which he represented from without and within in two large paintings. In his many representations of German mediaeval architecture he brought into view the picturesque side of that art. His paintings have been carried to Belgium, Eng- land, and America. HASHISH. See HEMP. HASRELL, a N. W. county of Texas, watered by the head streams of the Brazos river ; area, 1,275 sq. m. ; still unsettled. It consists most- ly of high prairie land, of little value except for grass. Antelopes and prairie dogs abound. HASLAM, John, a British physician, born in Edinburgh in 1763, died in London in July, 1844. He was educated at Cambridge, and studied medicine in London, where he became intimate with John and William Hunter. He was for many years apothecary to Bethlehem insane hospital, afterward resided several years in Edinburgh, and returning to London, soon attained a large practice there. In 1827 and 1828 he delivered courses of lectures on the in- tellectual composition of man. His works are : " Observations on Insanity " (1798) ; "Illustra- tions of Madness " (1810) ; " Considerations on the Moral Management of Insane Persons" (1817); "Medical Jurisprudence as it relates to Insanity, according to the Law of England " (1818) ; " A Letter to the Governors of Beth- lehem Hospital" (1818); "Essay on Sound Mind" (1819); and "Lectures on the Intellec- tual Composition of Man" (1827-'8). HASLINGDEN, a market town of Lancashire, England, 16 m. N. N. W. of Manchester; pop. in 1871, 12,201. It has a handsome parish church of modern date with the exception of the tower, which belonged to a building erected in the time of Henry VIII. The woollen manu-
