514 HAUPTMANN HAUSER liberal movement of 1848-'9. He next suc- ceeded his former teacher Hermann as secre- tary of the historico-philosophical class till 1853, when he became Lachmann's successor in the chair of classical literature at the uni- versity of Berlin, where he delivered remark- able lectures until the day before his sudden death. For the last 13 years of his life he was perpetual secretary of the academy of sciences. His works include many critical editions of classics, and he was one of the highest au- thorities on old German philology. HAUPTMAM, Moritz, a German composer, born in Dresden, Oct. 13, 1792, died in Leipsic, Jan. 3, 1868. The son of an architect, he was intended for the same profession and became proficient in mathematics and other sciences; but he afterward devoted himself to music. Completing his education under Spohr, he be- came in 1812 a violinist in the royal orchestra of Dresden, and in 1822 at Cassel under the direction of Spohr. He remained here till 1842, when he became cantor to the Thomas school at Leipsic, and at the same time director of music in the churches of St. Thomas and St. Nicholas, and professor of counterpoint and fugue at the newly established conserva- tory. His Die Natur der Harmonik und Me- trik (Leipsic, 1853; 2d ed., 1873) procured him in 1857 from the university of Gottingen an honorary diploma as doctor of philosophy. His sacred compositions are esteemed his best ; but his Italian sonnets composed for the con- tralto voice of his wife, and his duets for violin and piano, were greatly admired. His produc- tions include Salve Regina for four voices, a full mass for chorus and orchestra, and the operas Mathilde and Klein Karin. HAUREAU, Jean Barthelemy, a French author, born in Paris, Nov. 9, 1812. He received a college education, and became a journalist at Le Mans. After the revolution of 1848 he was appointed keeper of manuscripts at the national library in Paris, and was returned to the constituent assembly for the department of Sarthe, but retired from politics after the coup d'etat of 1851. In 1861 he was appointed librarian for the order of advocates of Paris, and became a member of the academy of in- scriptions and belles-lettres, over which he presided in 1873. His principal works are: Critique des hypotheses metaphysique de Manes, de Pelage et de Videalisme transcendentale de Saint Augwtin (Le Mans, 1840); Histoire lit- teraire du Maine (6 vols., Paris, 1842-'73) ; Histoire de la Pologne depute son origine jus- qu'en 1846 ; De la philosophic scolastique (2 vols., 1851) ; Francois I. et sa cour (1853) ; Charlemagne et sa cour (1854) ; Oallia Chris- tiana, &c. (3 vols., 1856-'65>. The last work is a continuation of the 13 volumes issued by the Benedictines between 1715 and 1785. II U'SKR, Raspar, a German youth, remarkable for his mysterious history, born about 1812, died at Anspach, Dec. 17, 1833. He was found in the streets of Nuremberg, May 26, 1828, dressed in the garb of a peasant, and by his ap- parent helplessness attracted the attention of one of the citizens. On his person was found a letter from which it appeared that since he was six months old his mother had left him in charge of a poor laborer, the writer of the let- ter, who kept him in close confinement, but brought him up in the Christian religion and taught him to write. The time having arrived for relinquishing the custody of the boy, the laborer removed him from his house during the night and escorted him as far as the vicinity of Nuremberg, leaving him to reach that town alone. Enclosed in the letter was a note pur- porting to come from Kaspar's mother, and sta- ting that she was a poor girl when she gave birth to him (April 30, 1812), and that his fa- ther was a cavalry officer at Nuremberg. The only information which the person to whom the letter was addressed could elicit from the boy was that he came from Ratisbon, and wanted to become a cavalry officer as his fa- ther had been. He was removed to the sta- tion house, but was unable or unwilling to give any account of himself except that his name was Kaspar Hauser. He would not take any- thing but bread and water. He could write his name and a few other words, but was otherwise entirely ignorant. Besides the let- ter, there were found in his possession a pocket handkerchief with his initials marked in red and several Roman Catholic prayer books. He was of a delicate constitution, but well formed, and his general appearance was that of a high- born youth. He was detained in prison as a vagrant, but the mayor ef Nuremberg fre- quently took him to his house, and gradually learned from him that from his earliest child- hood he had been kept in a kind of cellar, from which the light was shut out. No human being ever came to see him, excepting a man during the night, who washed and dressed him and brought him bread and water. His only amusement was two wooden horses. Shortly before he was taken away, this man, whose face he was never permitted to see, came more frequently to teach him to write and to walk, and eventually he carried him on his back to Nuremberg. After about two months he was handed over to Professor Dau- mer, who undertook his education. But the natural ability of which he had given evidence in his conversation decreased as he was sub- jected to a regular system of instruction. He mastered, however, writing and drawing. He i was fond of riding on horseback, and rode well. One of his many peculiarities was that j he could not bear the presence of priests and physicians, and that he was restless and uneasy I in church. He entered Daumer's family July 18, 1828. On Oct. 17 the professor's mother j found him lying prostrate in the cellar with a ! wound on his forehead. He said that a man whose face was blackened had assaulted him j with a knife, upon which he ran away and I hid himself in the cellar. The most search-
