646 IIAYNAU HAYNE HAYNAF, Julius Jakob Ton, an Austrian sol- dier, born in Cassel, Oct. 14, 1786, died in Vi- enna, March 14, 1853. He was an illegitimate . son of the elector William I. of Hesse-Cassel, who while stationed with his regiment in the town of Haynau, Prussian Silesia, formed an illicit connection with an apothecary's daugh- ter named Rebekka Ritter, who after a mor- ganatic marriage with him assumed the name of Frau von Lindenheim. Two daughters and four sons resulted from this marriage, who adopted the name of their mother's birthplace. The eldest son, Wilhelm (1779-1856), became known by the unpopular part which he took in the affairs of Hesse-Cassel in 1850; the sec- ond, Friedrich, was minister of war of the elec- tor from 1853 to 1855 ; the third, Ludwig, died in Heidelberg in 1843 ; and the fourth, the subject of this notice, entered the Austrian service in 1801 as lieutenant, was wounded and captured in the campaign of 1805 near Nord- lingen, was in 1813 and 1814 with the army in Italy, and in 1815 on the upper Rhine. Hav- ing been promoted to the rank of major gener- al in 1835, he became military commander of Gratz in 1844, and of Temesvar in 1847. Ra- detzky appointed hrai commander of Verona in 1 848. In the night of July 24-25 he despatched, upon his own responsibility, a number of sol- diers to Somma Campagna, and secured by this measure the victory of Custozza. Afterward he displayed his skill at the siege of Peschiera. He became notorious for his rigorous measures at Ferrara, Bergamo, and other places; and his ruthless energy in quelling the insurrection of Brescia (March and April, 1849) spread ter- ror among the Italian population. He subse- quently took part in the siege of Venice, and on May 30 he was invited to assume the su- preme command of the Austrian army in Hun- gary. He defeated the Hungarians near Raab and elsewhere, and, protected in the flank and rear by the Russian forces, he rapidly advanced toward Szegedin, crossed the Theiss, and routed the Hungarians at Szoreg (Aug. 5) and near Temesvar (Aug. 9), by which victory he res- cued that fortress and virtually terminated the war. The emperor of Austria rewarded him with the governorship of Hungary, and gave him extensive estates. The execution of the thirteen Hungarian commanders at Arad, as well as of Louis Batthyanyi and other patri- ots at Pesth, took place under his command. His intractable and haughty temper, which on many occasions had brought him into collision with his superiors, at length caused him to be dismissed from the public service, July 6, 1850. He travelled in England, where, for his cruelty toward the Italians and Hungarians, and espe- cially the ill treatment to which female politi- cal prisoners were said to have been subjected under his orders, he was assaulted by the dray- men of Barclay's brewery in London, on his visit to that establishment in September, 1850, in such a violent manner that he barely escaped with his life. Hostile demonstrations were also made against him in Brussels and Hanover. His name was more identified with Austrian oppression in Hungary and Italy than that of any other servant of the house of Hapsburg ; but Baron Schonhals in his biography of his comrade, which appeared in Gratz in 1853, tried to exonerate him from the charge of in- tentional cruelty, asserting that he acted only in obedience to the orders of his masters. HAYNE, Isaac, an American revolutionary officer, born in South Carolina, Sept. 23, 1745, executed in Charleston, S. C., Aug. 4, 1781. In 1780 he was a senator in the state legisla- ture. On the invasion of the state by the Brit- ish, he served in a cavalry regiment which kept the field during the final siege of Charleston. Being included in the capitulation of that place, he was paroled on condition that he should not again serve against the British while they held possession. When in 1781 the fortunes of the British began rapidly to decline, he and all others in his situation were required to join the British standard as subjects. His wife and several of his children lay at the point of death from smallpox, but his expostulations were un- heard, and he went to the city, after obtaining a written pledge from the military comman- dant of his district that he should be allowed to return. This pledge was ignored in Charleston, and he was told that he must either become a British subject or goto prison. He subscribed a declaration of allegiance to the royal govern- ment, but only under protest against the ad- vantage taken of him at such a moment. Thus enabled to return to his family, he maintained his pledge of neutrality. But when, by the continued success of the Americans, the British were driven from all quarters, and nothing re- mained to them but Charleston, they resolved to require military service of all who had given their parole. Hayne then went to the Ameri- can camp, and was commissioned by the gov- ernor as colonel of a militia regiment. In July, 1781, he made an incursion to the Quar- ter House, a precinct within five miles of Charleston, and captured Gen. Williamson, who had gone over to the British. It was feared that Williamson would be hanged as a traitor, and the British commandant at Charles- ton ordered out his entire force in pursuit. Hayne's party was surprised and scattered, and he himself captured. He was taken to Charleston, and after a brief examination by a board of officers, without any trial, and no witnesses being examined, he was condemned to be hanged by the joint orders of Lord Raw- don and Lieut. Col. Balfour. He protested against this summary process, which was ille- gal, whether he was regarded as a British sub- ject or as a captive who had broken his parole. The citizens and ladies of Charleston united in petitioning for his pardon ; but Rawdon and Balfour were inexorable. A respite of 48 hours only was allowed him in which to take- leave of his children, at the end of which period he was hanged. This vindictive measure was
