HEIBERG IIEIBERC, Joliann Ludwig, a Danish author, born in Copenhagen, Dec. 14, 1791, died there, Aug. 25, 1860. He entered the university in lis native city in 1809 to study medicine, hut in 1814 gave that up and devoted himself to Iramatic literature. When 23 years old, he >rought out a version of the story of Don Juan, id a play entitled " The Potter " (1814). He low familiarized himself with the Spanish rama, making a journey into Spain for that )urpose, and then went to Paris, where he jmained three years. On his return to Den- mrk in 1822, he was appointed professor at university of Kiel. In 1824 he went to jrlin, and studied the system of Hegel and his >llowers, returning home in 1825. He is the lost popular dramatic author of Denmark, and is plays were all translated into German by legiesser. He was director of the royal ^^^^~--:-T^~^^-=~=~^^-~-------- __,;;: -_---- HEIDELBERG 613 theatre in Copenhagen from 1849 to 1856, and afterward censor of the theatre. He published a complete edition of his poetical works (8 vols., 1845-'7), and one of his prose writings (3 vols., 1841-'4). An edition of his complete works was brought out after his death (22 vols., Copenhagen, ISei-'S). HEIDELBERG (Lat. Edelberga ; anc. Myrti- letum), a city of Baden, on the left bank of the Neckar, 10 m. S. E. of Mannheim, and 31 m. N. N. E. of Carlsruhe ; pop. in 1871, 19,988. It is chiefly celebrated for its university, founded by the elector Rupert toward the end of the 14th century, and reformed by the grand duke Charles Rupert in 1803 under the title of Ruperto-Carolina. The university libra- ry, containing 200,000 volumes and 2,000 manu- scripts, is exceedingly rich in antique works and early editions. After the capture of Hei- Heidelberg. delberg by Tilly in 1622, the library, which at that time numbered besides the printed books 3,500 manuscripts (exclusive of the French), was presented by the duke of Bavaria to Pope Gregory XV., and by the latter made, under the name of Bibliotheca Palatina, a special sction of the Vatican library. In 1797 Na- )leon gave 38 of the best manuscripts, ob- lined at the peace of Tolentino, to the Paris library ; but in 1815 these, as well as all ~ Old German manuscripts of the Palatina, fere restored to Heidelberg. The university very complete in details, embracing a mu- sum of natural history and antiquities, a )hysiological cabinet, a chemical laboratory, a ying-in asylum, two botanical gardens, a col- lege of agriculture and forestry, an observa- tory, and a philological, theological, pedagogi- cal, homiletical, and Biblical seminary. It was attended in 1873 by 707 students, under 108 professors. A chair of English literature, the first of the kind in Germany, was established in 1873. There are also an excellent gymnasium and two female schools of high reputation. The situation of Heidelberg, in a picturesque and fertile country, not far from the junction of the Neckar with the Rhine, having on one side the Konigstuhl and on the opposite the Heiligenberg, the hills covered with vineyards, and its curious bridge, renders it attractive to the tourist. To travellers its greatest attrac- tion is the ruined castle, which presents in its different portions every phase of architecture from the 14th to the 17th century. Having been restored in 1718-'20, it was set on fire by lightning in 1764, and it has never been re- built or tenanted since. In its vaults is the celebrated Heidellerger Pass (tun), once the largest in the world. The principal manufac- ture of Heidelberg is beer ; its trade is confined
