660 HENRY VII. (GERMANY) HENRY cess palatine, cousin to Henry. In 1192 Rich- ard Cceur do Lion was arrested while going through Germany in disguise, and with his ransom Henry fitted out an expedition to Italy. Naples surrendered, and he was crowned at Palermo in October, 1194-; but his cruelty to the Italian nobles who had rebelled, and his extortion, rendered him so odious that his sudden death is generally attributed to poison. Constance has been accused of the murder. At the time of his death he was preparing for an expedition against the Greek empire, pre- liminary to a new crusade. IIE.VRY VII., of Luxemburg, emperor of Germany, born in 1262, died at Buonconven- to, near Siena, Aug. 24, 1313. He was elected emperor in 1308, after an interregnum of four months which followed the death of Albert I. After punishing the murderers of his prede- cessor, and after the marriage of his son John with the heiress of Bohemia, he went to Italy, which was distracted by the wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines; and having com- pelled the Milanese to consent to his corona- tion with the iron crown of Lombardy, he re- duced the whole of northern Italy, and con- tinued his march to Rome, of which King Robert of Naples held military possession. After the reduction of that city, and the impe- rial coronation by cardinals (the pope, Clement V., having transferred the holy see to Avignon in 1309), Henry placed Robert under the ban of the empire, and was about to march against Naples when he died suddenly, of poison, it was affirmed, administered in the eucharist. HENRY, Caleb Spragne, an American author, born in Rutland, Mass., Aug. 2, 1804. He graduated at Dartmouth college in 1825, and, after a theological course at Andover and New Haven, settled in 1828 as a Congregational- ist minister at Greenfield, Mass. In 1831 ill health obliged him to suspend his ministry, and he spent two years at Cambridge in the study of philosophy. In 1833 he was settled in Hart- ford, Conn. In 1834 he published a pamphlet on the " Principles and Prospects of the Friends of Peace." About this time he also established a journal called the " American Advocate of Peace," which after the first year became the organ of the American peace society. In 1835 he removed to New York, where he took or- ders in the Protestant Episcopal church. Soon afterward he was appointed professor of in- tellectual and moral philosophy in Bristol col- lege, Pa. In 1837 he returned to New York, and in conjunction with Dr. Hawks founded the " New York Review." In 1839 he became professor of philosophy and history in the New York university. He published in 1845 a translation of the abb6 Bautain's "Epitome of the History of Philosophy," with a continua- tion from the time of Reid down to the date of its publication. He has also published " Cousin's Psychology," being a translation of Cousin's lectures on Locke's " Essay on the Human Un- derstanding," with notes and additional pieces (Hartford, 1834 ; 4th ed., revised and enlarged, 1856). In 1847 he became rector of St. Clem- ent's church, New York. On account of failing health he resigned this post in 1850, and his professorship in 1852. In 1870 he took charge of St. Michael's church, Litchfield, Conn., where he continued for four years, when he removed to Stamford, where he now resides (1874). Dr. Henry has published, besides the works above mentioned, " Compendium of Christian Antiquities" (8vo, 1837); "Moral and Philo- sophical Essays" (1839); "Guizot's General History of Civilization, with Notes;" "House- hold Liturgy;" Taylor's "Manual of Ancient and Modern History," revised, with a chapter on the history of the United States (New York, 1845) ; "Dr. Oldham at Greystones, and his Talk there" (1860; 3d ed., 1872); "Con- siderations on some of the Elements and Con- ditions of Social Welfare and Human Pro- gress," and "About Men and Things: Papers from my Library Table Drawer" (1873); and numerous addresses and pamphlets. HORY, Joseph, an American physicist, born in Albany, N. Y., Dec. 17, 1797. He received a common school education, and after a course of study in the Albany academy, in 1826 he was appointed professor of mathematics in that institution. In 1827 he began a series of experiments in electricity, and in 1828 published an account of various modifications of electro-magnetic apparatus. He was the first to prove by actual experiment that in the transmission of electricity for great distances the power of the battery must be proportioned to the length of the .conductor. He was also the first actually to magnetize a piece of iron at a distance, and invented the first machine moved by the agency of electro-magnetism. (See ELECTRO-MAGNETISM.) In March, 1829, he exhibited to the Albany institute electro- magnets which possessed magnetic power su- perior to that of any before known, and sub- sequently he constructed others on the same plan, one of which, now in the cabinet of the college at Princeton, N. J., will sustain 3,600 pounds, with a battery occupying about a cubic foot of space. In 1831, in some experiments at the Albany academy, he transmitted signals by means of the electro-magnet through a wire more than a mile long, causing a bell to sound at the further end of the wire. An ac- count of these experiments and of his electro- magnetic machine was published in Silliman's " American Journal of Science " in 1831, vol. xix., in which Prof. Henry pointed out the ap- plicability of the facts demonstrated by his ex- periments to the instantaneous conveyance of intelligence between distant points by means of a magnetic telegraph, several years before such a telegraph was brought into practical operation by Prof. Morse. In 1832 he was appointed professor of natural philosophy in the college of New Jersey at Princeton, where he continued his experiments and researches.
