682 HERFORD HERMANN HERFORD, a town of Prussia, in the province of Westphalia, on the Werra and Aa and the Minden and Cologne railway, 46 m. E. N. E. of Minister ; pop. in 1871, 10,968. It has a Roman Catholic and four Protestant churches and a synagogue. The Miinsterkirche, a vast Ro- manesque building of the 13th century, was formerly attached to the monastery founded in 789, to which the town owes its origin, and of which the abbess was a princess of the empire. There are also a gymnasium and a museum for art and antiquities. Tobacco, linen, carpets, and leather are manufactured. At Engers, 5 m. E., is the tomb of Wittekind the Saxon. HERING, Const an tin, an American physician, born at Oschatz, Saxony, Jan. 1, 1800. He studied medicine in Leipsic, Dresden, and else- where in Germany, and in 1826 received the degree of doctor of medicine, surgery, and ob- stetrics. Subsequently he was sent on a scien- tific expedition to Dutch Guiana. In 1834 he settled in Philadelphia, where he has since for the most part resided. He has been connected with several medical reviews and journals of the homoeopathic school, and is the author of a number of works devoted to the therapeu- tical reform commenced by Hahnemann, in- cluding " Rise and Progress of Homoeopathy " (Philadelphia, 1834), which has been trans- lated into several languages; "The Domes- tic Physician" (6th ed., Philadelphia, 1858); "American Drug Provings" (vol. i., Leipsic, 1853), &c. He has given much attention to cures for the bites of venomous reptiles and mad dogs. In 1874 he was preparing for pub- lication a collection of his medical essays. HERIOT, George, a Scottish goldsmith, the founder of Heriot's hospital, born in June, 1563, died in London, Feb. 12, 1624. As gold- smith to James I., he acquired a large fortune, and, having no direct heirs, bequeathed about 24,000 to the magistrates and clergy of Ed- inburgh, for the founding of a hospital there for the " maintenance, relief, bringing up, and education of poor and fatherless boys, free- men's sons of the city." HERISAU, a town of Switzerland, capital of the half canton of Appenzell Outer Rhodes, 7 m. N. W. of Appenzell, on the right bank of the Glatt, about 2,500 ft. above the sea ; pop. in 1870, 9,736. It consists of two principal squares and four streets, with seven smaller ones opening into them, and contains a large and handsome church, with a tower supposed to have been built in the 7th century, a new and elegant town house, a poorhouse, arsenal, and casino. There are extensive manufactures of muslins, plain and embroidered, and of cot- tons and silks, tanneries, dye works, bleach fields, and paper mills. The environs are laid out in beautiful walks and gardens, and the surrounding heights are crowned by the old castles of Rosenberg, Rosenburg, and Schwane- berg, while the baths of Heinrichsbad are about a mile distant. Herisau was originally called Herginis Au. The Romans made a settlement here and Christianity was introduced early in the 7th century. The nobles of Herisau es- tablished their jurisdiction here, which in 1390 fell under the abbey of St. Gall. The abbot taxed the people heavily and arbitrarily, and in 1463 they bought themselves free. HERKIMER, a N. E. county of New York, in- tersected by the Mohawk river, and also drained by several mill streams ; area, 1,745 sq. m. ; pop. in 1870, 39,928. It has a hilly surface, in many places covered with a dense growth of timber, and containing limestone, building stone, lead, and gypsum. The soil is very fer- tile in the valleys, and even in some of the hilly districts. The Erie canal, the New York Central railroad, and the Adirondack railroad (in progress) traverse it. The chief produc- tions in 1870 were 12,665 bushels of wheat, 128,953 of Indian corn, 551,179 of oats, 60,- 288 of barley, 41,806 of buckwheat, 367,805 of potatoes, 25,918 Ibs. of wool, 444,910 of hops, 100,025 of flax, 1,212,051 of butter, 5,101,654 of cheese, and 157,839 tons of hay. There were 8,299 horses, 48,547 milch cows, 11,836 other cattle, 6,984 sheep, and 8,403 swine ; 2 manufactories of agricultural imple- ments, 72 of cheese, 24 of cheWe boxes, 34 of carriages, 25 of clothing, 2 of cotton goods, 1 of firearms, 3 of hardware, 4 of malt, 1 of matches, 3 of printing paper, 1 of starch, 14 of tin, copper, and sheet-iron ware, 4 of wool- len goods, 18 flour mills, 15 tanneries, 6 cur- rying establishments, 5 planing mills, and 26 saw mills. Capital, Herkimer. HERMANN. See ARMINIUS. HERMANN, Johann Gottfried Jakob, a German philologist, born in Leipsic, Nov. 28, 1772, died Dec. 31, 1848. After studying law and philol- ogy at Leipsic and Jena, he began to lecture on ancient literature at Leipsic in 1794, and in 1798 was appointed extraordinary profes- sor of philosophy. In 1803 he accepted the professorship of eloquence, and retained it until his death, together with that of poetry, which was united with it in 1809. He interest- ed himself also in the Greek society which was founded hi 1799, and in 1834 assumed the direction of the school of philology. His ser- vices to the cause of classical learning were very important. His researches were original, and their results were presented in his lectures with great vigor and clearness. He was par- ticularly noted for the new principles which he developed in reference to the classical me- tres and the Greek grammar. His principal works in regard to the metres were : De Me- tris GrcBcorum et Romanorum Poetarum (Leip- sic, 1796); ffandbuch der Mefrik (1798) ; Ele- menta Doctrines Metric (1816) ; Epitome Doc- trine Metric (1818; 2d ed., 1844); and De Metris Pindari, in Heyne's edition of Pindar (3 vols., 1817). The principles which he ap- plied in the grammar of the Greek language may be found in his treatise De Emendanda Ratione Graca Grammatica (1801), and in his annotations of Vigier's De Grceca Dictionis
