HOLT e, which rise in the Blue Ridge mountains western North Carolina. The former joins e main stream near Knoxville, and is navi- ble to Dandridge, Jefferson co. HOLT. I. A N. county of Nebraska, sepa- ,ted from Dakota by the Niobrara river, and atered by the Elkhorn; area, about 2,100 sq. m. It is not included in the census of 1870. II. A N. W. county of Missouri, sep- arated from Kansas and Nebraska on the S., W., and W. by the Missouri river, and nded E. by the Nodaway; area, 470 sq. pop. in 1870, 11,652, of whom 184 were colored. It has an undulating surface, with some bluffs on the Missouri river, and a fertile soil. The Kansas City, St. Joseph, and Coun- cil Bluffs railroad traverses it. The chief pro- uctions in 1870 were 71,421 bushels of wheat, 321,620 of Indian corn, 91,994 of oats, 61,402 potatoes, and 155,100 Ibs. of butter. There ere 3,551 horses, 3,924 milch cows, 6,738 er cattle, 7,768 sheep, and 25,220 swine; 6 r mills, 15 saw mills, and 4 manufactories saddlery and harness. Capital, Oregon. HOLT, Sir John, an English jurist, born at ame, Oxfordshire, Dec. 30, 1642, died in h, 1709. He was educated at Oxford, be- came a student of law, was called to the bar in 1663, and rose to eminence as an advocate. In 1686 he was elected recorder of London, but was removed at the expiration of a year and a half in consequence of his opposition to the measures of the court. In the convention parliament which met to arrange the succes- sion to the crown, after the departure of James II., he displayed so much ability that William III. appointed him in April, 1689, chief justice of the king's bench, which office he retained until his death. In 1700 he was solicited to accept the great seal, upon the removal of Lord Somers from the office of chancellor, but de- clined. Of his integrity, courage, and firmness in the discharge of his duties, a traditional in- stance is related upon the occasion of a sum- mons from the commons to appear at their bar, for deciding in favor of the Aylesbury burgesses, who had been committed for com- plaining about the illegal rejection of their votes. He took no notice of the first message from the house ; and upon being summoned by the speaker in person, he told that officer to re- turn at once to his chair, or he would commit him to Newgate. The reports of his decisions, compiled by his pupil and successor, Chief Jus- tice Raymond, commencing with the Easter term, 6 William and Mary, give a good impres- sion of his judicial abilities. Sir John Holt published in 1708 a folio volume of crown cases collected by Chief Justice Kelyng, with notes and three of his own decisions. HOLT, Joseph, an American statesman, born in Breckenridge co., Ky., Jan. 6, 1807. He was educated at St. Joseph's college, Bards- town, and at Centre college, Danville, and in 1828 began to practise law at Elizabethtown, Ky., whence in 1832 he removed to Louisville, HOLY ALLIANCE 773 and in 1835 to Port Gibson, Miss. He returned to Louisville in 1842. In 1857 he was made commissioner of patents at Washington, and in 1859 became postmaster general under Presi- dent Buchanan. In December, 1860, upon the withdrawal of John B. Floyd, he took tempo- rary charge of the department of war. He afterward served in civil departments until September, 1862, when he was appointed judge advocate general of the army. He was brevet- ted as major general, March 13, 1865. HOLTY, Lndwig Heinrich Christoph, a German poet, born at Mariensee, near Hanover, Dec. 21, 1748, died in Hanover, Sept. 1, 1776. He studied theology at Gottingen, became ac- quainted with Burger, Miller, and Count C. Stolberg, and was member of the society of poets which they had formed. He was pre- paring a collection of his poems when he died. They were afterward edited by his friends Stol- berg and Voss in 1783, and again by Halm in 1869. He translated the philosophical works of the earl of Shaftesbury and other English works into German. HOLTZENDORFF, Franz von, a German juris- consult, born at Vietmannsdorf, Prussia, Oct. 14, 1829. He studied law at Berlin, Heidelberg, and Bonn, was appointed in 1861 professor at Berlin, and in 1867 became a member of the North German parliament. Since 1861 he has edited the Allgemeine deutsche Strafrechtszei- tung, since 1866 in conjunction with Virchow the Sammlung gemeinverstandticher wissen- schaf flicker Vortrage, and since 1871 tlieJahr- buchfiir Gesetsgebung, Verwaltung und Rechte- pflege des DeutscJien JReicks. His most promi- nent works are: Die Reform der Staatsan- waltschaft in DeutscUand (Berlin, 1864); Kri- tische Untersuckungen uber die Grundsatze und Ergebnisse des irischen Strafvollzugs (1865); Die Principien der Politik (1869); EncyUopadie der Rechtswissenschaft (1870 et seq.) ; and Handbuch des deutschen Strafrechts (1874: et seq.). He is the founder of several philanthropical societies, and an active pro- moter of public education. HOLY ALLIANCE, a league formed by the em- perors Alexander I. of Russia and Francis of Austria, and King Frederick William III. of Prussia, Sept. 26, 1815, after the second abdi- cation of Napoleon, and acceded to by the other principal powers of Europe, except Rome, Eng- land, and France. Its ostensible object was to regulate the states of Christendom on princi- ples of Christian amity, but the real aim was to maintain the existing dynasties. Alexander himself drew up the agreement and gave to it its name. The three monarchs signed it at Paris Sept. 26, 1815, but it was not wholly made public till Feb. 2, 1816, when it appeared in full in the " Frankfort Journal." A special article of the treaty excluded for ever the mem- bers of the Bonaparte family from all the thrones of Europe. It was in virtue of the holy alliance that Austria in 1821 suppressed the revolutions in Naples and Piedmont, and
