DEPBESSION. 143 DEPUTY. If S Ik? a star or the sun in tlip same vertical plane with AHll, and an observation of the alti- tuile above the sea-horizon l>e niaJe by means of a sextant from the point 13 (as from the deck of a vessel ) , the apparent dip of the horizon must be sibtraeted from the observed anjile, in order to find the altitude of the sun. Owinj; to the uncertainty of the amount of refraction, the nearest minute to the dip jiiven in the tables is usually taken. The followinir table "ives a notion of the amomt of the apparent dip under ordinary state of the atmosphere and equal tem- ]>erature of air and water: Height, feet
1 2 S i 6 « Dip / */ ..0 ..0 s» ..1 23 ..1 42 ..1 68 ..2 11 ..2 2* ..2 30 Height, fwt 8 9 10 20 30 40 60 TOO Dip / /* ..2 46 ..2 66 ..3 6 ..4 23 ..5 22 ..6 12 ..6 6G ..9 48 DEPRETIS, dft-pra't^'s. Agostixo (1813-87). An Italian sUitesnum, born at Mezzana, near Stradella, Piedmont. He studied and practiced law in Turin, and early took an active part in the nalionil movement toward brin<;in<; about the unity of Italy, especially after his election to the i'iedmontese Chamber, in 1848, where he vigorously supported the opposition. He established in Turin the liberal journal II Pro- flriHHo. favour aj)pointed bini civil (iovernor of Brescia in 18.")!l, and jiro-diclator at Palermo in ISiiO. where lie dis])layed great zeal in urging ing the adherence of Sicily to the I'liited King- dom. He held various jiorlfolios in the Cabinet in the years lS(i2, ISiiO, 187(i, IST8, ami 1881, and was .several limes Prime Minister. He l>ecame the leader of the opposition after Rattazzi's deatli in 1873, and from 1870 on grew to t>e a Tnore ami more conspicuous figure in modern Italian history, promoting the adoption of many measures, sui'h as the abolition of o|>pressive (axes, the creation of free ports, and electoral reform. He died at Stradi-lla, where a monu- ment was erected to hia memorv in 1803, DEPREZ, d< pnV, SUiirEL (1843-). A I'reiuli engineer and electrician, who has pro- duced several remarkable mechanical and elec- trical inventions. He undertook an expensive series of experiments at Munich in 1872, and in 1882 announced that he had succeeilcd in trans- mitting |)OHer by telegraph wire for a distance of ;i5 miles, bctwicn .Munich and Miesbach, which is said to liave been the lirst sucivssful experiment in the transmission of electric power through a considerable distance. further ex- periments were successfully carried out on the line of the Xorthern Railway of France. He became a member of the Academy, profes-sor of electricity at the Con.servatoire des Arts et Me- tiers, and professor of physics at the CoU&ge de I'rance. DE PROFTTN'DIS (Lat,. Out of the depths). The liisl words of Psalm exx.x,, which forms a portion of the ollice of the dead in the Koman Catholic Cluirch, DEPTFORD, dct'ferd (formerly Dc/Hford, deep fold I . . former town of Kent and Surrey, Kngland, at the mouth of the Kavensbourne, on the right bank of the Thames, three miles south- cast of London liridge, now a metropolitan and Parliamentary borough of Greater London (q.v.) (Map: London, E S). The London cattle mar- ket here, covering 30 acres, occupies the site of the historic admiralty dockyard, established by Henry VIII., where Queen Klizabelh in 1581 knighted Drake in the ship in which he had en- compassed the world, and where, in 1(501, Peter the Great toiled as a sliipwright. It was closed in 18(!0, but the immense viclualing yard for th,! British Xavy, with its extensive establisliments, remained, and there are also important marine engineering cs(al>li--liiiiciits and electric light ing plants for illuminathig the metropolis. Deptford is a favorite residential section for London mer- chants. Population, in 1001. of Parliamentary borough, 117,844, DEPUTY (OF. dcpiilc. Fr. (hpiiW. from ML. (Icpiilan; appoint, select). One authorized by law to exercise all, or certain, of the functions of an ollice held by another, as an assistant to the incumbent, and accountable to him. Acts done by a deputy in his otVicial capacity are of the same force and effect as if done by the oflicer himself. A deputy docs not need special author- ity for each particular act, but pnicecds under the general ])owers vested in him by law, al- though usually his superior may limit his duties and sui)ervise his work. .
oflicer is gem-rally
responsible for the acts and conduct of his depu- ties to Bome extent, and, therefore, is usually given the power of selecting and appointing them. A deputy is required to fake an oath of offiee; his salary is usually fixed by law; and he is fre- quently recpiircd to give a bond for the honest and faithful performance of his duties, (icner- ally only administrative and executive oflicera, such as sheriffs, constables, county clerks, etc., are authorized to a]ipoiiit deputies, as judieial officers, even of very limited jurisdiction, are usually accountable only to the Government, and not to olher officers of a higher rank. Sec CoR- oNFii: ^Iarsilvi.: Sheriff, DEPUTY (in French politics). Sec Politi- (Ai. I'.MiTiK^, French.
