DUPONT DE NEMOURS. 533 DTJPRE. tion in Polaiul. He went back to France two year;, afterwards to assist his friend Turgot in llie adniinistratioii. and w itti Turgot went into re- tirement in 1770. In 17Si Ver^'ennes intrusted him with the task of drafting the treaty recog- nizing the independence of the United States. Subsequently he was a nieniber of the Council of State and C'ouiniissary-General of Commerce. Dur- ing the Revolution he favored a constitutional monarchy, but was compelled to hide when the Republicans triumphed. He was found and im- prisoned : but Robespierre's fall saved him. His reactionary attitude in the Council of Ancients made him exceedingly unpopular and caused him to emigrate to the United States in 1799. He returned to France in 1802. but declined all ]H)litical office, excejil that of a commissioner to arrange the transfer of Louisiana to the United States. .Jefferson requested Dui)ont to prepare a scheme of national education. The scheme was never adopted in the United States, but some of its features were embodied in the French code. After Napoleon's first downfall, Dupont became secretary to the Provisional Government, and on the restoration of the Bourbons was made a Councilor of State. The ' return of Xapoleon caused him to leave France, and he spent the remainder of his life with his two sons, powder manufacturers, in the State of Delaware. Con- sult Schelle. Dupont de yemours et I'ecole phy- siocrnlique (Paris, 18S8). DtJPPEL. dup'pcl. or Dybbol. A village in the Pru-sian Province of Schleswig-Holstein, situated on the peninsula of .Sundewitt. 16 miles northeast of Flensburg ( Map : Germany, C 1 ) . Engagements took place here l)etween the Danes and Gemians iii May and .Tune. 1848. On April 13. 1849. the Germans stormed the Danish posi- tions at this place, and in the second Schleswig- Holstein War the strongly fortified lines of Diip- pel were stormed by the Prussians, Apri^ 18, 1864. DUPRAT, dn'pra'. AxTOiNE (1463-1.535). A Chancellor of France, born at Issoire ( Auvergne) . He became president of the Parlement of Paris under Louis XII.. and Francis I., on his accession to the throne, in 1.515, appointed him Chancellor. As such he entered into negotiations with Pope Leo X. regarding the abrogation of the Pragmatic Sanction, and concluded the concordat by which both the Church and the nobility of France were entirely subject to the royal authority. In con- cluding this agreement he encountered great op- position, chiefly on the part of the clergy and the university, but retained the royal patron- age, by which he ultimately secured the -Arch- bishopric of Sens and the cardinalate. He ad- vanced the absolute power of the State and has therefore justly l)een called the predecessor of Richelieu and Mazarin. It is said that he might have been the successor of Pope Clement VII. but for the influence of Francis I., who desired to retain his services. DUPRAY. dn'pra'. Henri Loiis (1841-). . French painter, born at Sedan (Ardennes). He studied in Paris under Pils and Cogniot. His subjects are military only, and in this line he ranka almost with Detaille. His best-known pictures are "La bataille de Waterloo" (1870) ; "Grande Garde aux environs de Paris pendant le si&ffe" (1872) : "Visite de I'Amiral La Ron- ci?re Le Noury et du Gf-nOral Ducrot aux avant- postes pendant le si6ge"; "Le capitaliste" (1879); and "riuiperalrice Eugouie ijuiltant Paris" (18S4). DUPRE, di.rpri'. Giovanni (1817-82). An Italian sculptor of French descent, born at Siena. He lirst practiced wood-carving and then studied under Bartolini in Florence, where he afterwards lived. His first success was ".bel" (1842) and its companion piece "Cain" (1845), both now in the Pitti Gallery, Florence. These were followed h the pedestal for a colossal vase (also in the Pilti), and a design for the monu- ment to the Duke of Wellington. Both show his taste for allegory, which was further developed by his increasing admiration for Canova. When the elaborate fagades for Santa Croce and the Duomo were designed by ilatas and de Fabris, Dupre received orders for works on both. But he lived to complete only the "Madonna Addolorata" (1860) and tlie lunette over the main door of Santa Croce, representing the "Triumph of the Cross." At the Paris Exposition of 1867 he waa awarded the gold medal, and in 1868 was made corresponding member of the French Institute. His last great work was the monument to Cavour at Turin (1873). Other statues by him , include the "Pifeta," in the Siena cemetery, called his masterpiece; the "Dying Sappho," and the monument to the Countess Ferrari-Corbelli, in San Lorenzo, Florence. At times Dupre car- ried realism to an extreme, but his work is forcible, and his anatomy and drapery admir- able, though he had the' faults of the modern Italian school in abuse of allegory, and lack of repose. His autobiography, Pensieri suW arte e ricordi autobiografwL appeared in 1879 (trans- lated bv Peruzzi. 1884). Consult: Frieze. Gio- varijii bitpre (London. 1886) ; Venturi, Scritti minori e lettere di Giovanni Dupre, con un appendice ai ricordi autohiografici (Florence, 1885). DUPRE, Jules (1812-89). A French land- scape painter of the Barbizon group. He was born at Xantes. April 5. 1812. His father was a porcelain manufacturer at Parmain. and after- wards in Limousin, and the lad's first experi- ence in design was gained in decorating porcelain in his father's factory. Some sketches which he made in Limousin attracted the attention of amateurs, and Jules was enabled to go to Paris. He was little influenced by his teachers. Laugier and Pils: much more by the paintings of Hob- bema and Ruysdael, in the Louvre, and always sought inspiration in Xature herself. In the memorable Salon of 1831. he exhibited fine studies from nature made in Haute Vienne, among which were "Interior of a Forest." "View of Isle .^dam," and "Interior of a Courtyard." They attracted great attention, as did his ex- hibits of 1833: "Evening." "Environs of Paris." and the "'alley of Montmorency." In 1843 he painted his famous "Farmyard." and. at the invitation of Lord Graves, one of his patrons, he visited England in the same year. He was greatly impressed with the English landscapists, especially by Constable, whose work much influ- enced his. One of the results of this trip was his picture "Environs of Southampton," ex- hibited in 1835. a wonderful representation of a storm sweeping across an undulating country. In the same year he exhibited a "Wood in Creuse," and "Pasture in Limousin." In the latter pic-
