EICHENDORFF. 718 EICHSTATT. should also be made of a series of literary critiques, beginning with Ueber die ethische und religiose licdcutiiiig dcr neucn romantischcn Poesie in Dcutschloud (1847). A collective edi- tion of his poems appeared in 1841-43 (3d ed. 1883), and a selection of his miscellaneous works in 1867 (5 vols.). Consult the study by Kciter (Cologne, 1887), and Kriiger, Der junge Eichen- dorff (Oppelu, 1898). EICHENS, iK'cns, Friedrich Eduard (1804- 77). A German engraver. He was born in Berlin and studied with Buchhom in that city, and later under Toschi, Forster. and others in France and Italy. His works, which are characterized by careful drawing and elaborate treatment, in- clude p.amples from Raphael and Domenichino, and numerous portraits of contemporary celebri- ties (after photographs). His engravings of the mural paintings of Kaulbach in the Neucs Museum, Berlin, and of the Shakespeare Gal- lery of that celebrated artist, are likewise ranked among his best productions. EICHENS, PiiiLipp Hermann (1812-86). A German-French lithographer, brother of the pre- ceding, bom in Berlin and educated at the Berlin Acadcmv. under V. Hensel. and in Paris. From 1839 to 1841 he traveled in Italy and sub- sequently studied mezzotint engraving in Berlin. His works reveal delicate treatment, careful at- tention to details, and a thorough mastery of the technique of art. They include "Joconde" (after Leonardo da Vinci); "Shooting at the Target" (ileyerheim) ; "Return of the Pirate" (Kduard Magnus) ; and "Hussite Sermon." (Les- sing) . EICHHOKN, Iii'liorn, Johann Gottfried (1752-1827). A German theologian and Orien- talist. He was born at Durrenzimmern, October 16, 17.'52, and studied at Giittingen. In 1775 he became professor of Oriental languages at Jena, and in 1788 at Giittingen. Eichhoru's scholarship was very broad and jirofound, but he is chiefly remembered at the present time as a biblical critic and a leader of the rational school. He first called the attention of German scholars to Astruc's discovery respecting the names for God in the Pentateuch, and adopted the theory that the synoptic Gospels derive their story from one common source ( Ureimngelium ) . His In- troductions to the Old and the .A'eir Tistn- ment were the first purely literary historical treatment of the biblical writings. Other note- wortliy works are: Urgcschirhte (1790-93) : Kiii- leitung in die npohryphischen liUcher des Alien Testaments (1795) ; Vehersicht der fran^osischen Revolution (1797); Weltgeschichte (1818-20). From 1812 he edited the Giittingen Gelehrte Anzeigen. EICHHORN, Karl Friedrich (1781-1854). A German jurist and autlior, born at Jena, and educated at Giittingen. He successively occui)ied the chair of law at Frankfort-on-the-Oder (1805-11). Berlin (1811-17). Giittingen (1817- 28), and Berlin (1832-34). He also filled sev- eral important positions in a judicial capacity under the Prussian Government. The principal •works of Eichhnrn, who may rightly be called the founder of the historical school of German jurisprudence, are the following: Deutsche Stnals- und Rechtsgcschichte (5th ed., 4 vols., 1843- 45), a summary of the historical legal juris- prudence of Germany; Einleitung in das deutsche Pritatrccht mit Einschluss dr.i Lehn- rcchis (5th ed. 1845); and Grundsiitzc des Kirchcnrechts (1821-23; French translation by H. .fDUlVriiy. ISK!). EICHHORST, iiv'horst. Hermann Lvdwiq (1849—). A German jihysieian. born and edu- cated at Kiinigsbcrg. In 1877 he was appointed director of the Medical Polyclinical Institute at Giittingen. In 1884 he became professor of patli- ologj-and tlierajiv at the L'niversity of Zurich. He is the author of the following important works: Lehrhuch dcr plitisikalischcn I'ntcrsuchtings- methodeii inncrcr Kraiil:heilen (3d ed. 1889| ; and Uandhuch der speziellen Pathologic und Therapie (5th ed. 1895-96). EICHLER, iK'li^r. AccrsT Wiliielm (1839- 87). A German biptanist. He was born at Neu- kirchen, and was educated at Jlarburg. In 1871 he became professor of botany and director of the Botanical (iarden at Graz, whence he was called to the chair of botany at Kiel (1873) and Berlin (1878). Very valuable are his writings on the Conifenr. Cycadaeeas'. and other botanical species of Brazil. His principal work, Bliitcndiagraiiime (2 parts, 1875-78). advocates and describes the employment of comparative analysis. His other publications include: Sgl- labiis dcr ^'orles^nlgcn iibcr s]>cziclle und incdi- zinisch-pharmazcutische Botanik (5th ed. 1890) : and Bcitriige zur Morphologie und Systematik dci Alarantacccn (1884). EICHRODT, iK'rot. Lrnwio (1827-92). A German humorous poet, born at Durlach. His cycle of songs, entitled Wanderlust, published by him in the Fliegeiide Blatter at the age of twenty - one, established his popularity as a humorist. In 1848 he founded, at Frankfort- on-tlie-jM.a,in, the humorous-satirical periodical, the i^atitr. Eiclirodt wrote a number of works chiefly distinguished for their parody, such as Gedichtc in allcrlci Huiiioren (published under the pseudonym of Rudolph Roilt ; 3d ed. under the title Lyrische Karikalurcn, 1809) ; Rhciii- schwabische Gedichtc in mittclbadischer Hprach- iceise (2d ed. 1873) ; Lyrischer Kehraus (2d ed. 1870). Eichrodt's collected poems. Gesani- melte Dichtungen (Stuttgart. 1890) , contain the well-known Jurivallera, a cycle of modern student songs. EICHSTADT, iK'stet, Heinrich Karl Abra- ham (1772-1848). A German philologist, born at Oschatz. He was appointed professor of philosophy at Leipzig in 1795. and of eloquence and poetry at Jena in 1803. Thmugli his occa- sional writings and addresses he became known as one of the first Latinists of his time. He was a friend of Goethe, in whose honor he wrote the Oratio Gocthii Mcmoriw Dicata (1832). He also published editions of the classics and a translation (1802-08) of Mitford's Uistnry of Greece. Consult Gnethes Briefr nn Eichstiidt, edited by Biedermann (Berlin, 1872). EICHSTATT. iK'stet. A town of Bavaria, situated on the left bank of the .ltmiibl. about 14 miles northwest of Ingolstadt (Map: Ger- many, D 4). Its catliedral. begun in the eleventh century, contains some fine stained glass, nuiral paintings, and the tomb a! Saint Wilehald. be- sides a number of monuments in bronze and marble. The Church of Saint W'alpurgis con-
