Lessings Streit mit Hauptpastor Goeze, in Heft 155 of the Deutsche Zeit- und Streit-Fragen { 1881 ) . See Lessing.
GOFFE, William (?-c.l679). An English
regicide, born in Sussex, where his father was the
rector of a church at Stammer. Apprenticed to
a Salter in London, he embraced the cause of the
Parliament against Charles I., and in 1645 was
commissioned a captain in the New Jlodel army,
in which, by his zeal and bravery, he won rapid
promotion. He was one of the judges at the
trial of Charles I., and signed the death warrant.
He commanded Cromwell's old regiment at the
battle of Dunbar, and distingiiished himself at
Worcester. He was elected to Parliament in
1654, and was promoted major-general in 1655,
with command in Sussex, Berkshire, and Hamp-
shire. In 1656 he supported the proposition to
offer the crown to Cromwell, by whom he was
appointed a member of the newly constituted
House of Lords. At the Restoration he was
excepted from the Act of Indemnity, and escaped
with his father-in-law, General Whalley, to
America, settling first at Cambridge, and thence,
in order to escape arrest, removing to Connecti-
cut, where he lived in retirement in Xew Haven
and various towns in the Connecticut River
Valley. In 1664 he removed to Hadley, JIass.,
where, according to the tradition, he appeared
on the occasion of an Indian attack upon the
town in 1675. rallied the frightened townsmen,
and drove off the raiders. This incident has been
used by Scott in his Pcveril of the Peak, and by
Cooper in his Wept of Wish-ton-Wish, or The
Borderers, and forms the subject of "The Gray
Champion" in Hawthorne's Twice-Told Tales.
Consult Stiles. History of Three of the Judges
of King Huirles I. (Hartford, 1794).
GOG AND MA'GOG. Names occurring sev-
eral times in the Bible. Gog is mentioned in
Ezek. xxxviii. 16-18, and also xxxix. 1 in connec-
tion with Meshech and Tubal. Magog appears
in Gen. x. 2 and 1. Chron. i. 5 as a son of .Japheth,
and in the Hebrew text of Ezek. xxxix. 6, where
the Greek version reads Gog. It has been con-
jectured that in this passage and in Gen. x. 2
ilagog is a scribal error for Gog, or. according to
others, Magog in the latter passage is mis-
written for Gomer. The association of Gog with
Meshech and Tubal, the location of which can
be determined from the Assyrian inscriptions,
points to some part of Armenia as the district
intended by Gog. Various attempts have been
made to explain the name. By some Gog has
been connected 'ith Gagu, a ruler of a land
Sakhi, to the north of Assyria, who is men-
tioned by -ssurbanipal. ancl who has been
regarded by some as identical with Gyges, King
of Lydia, although all such conjectures are
futile. We must rest content with the fact that
in the Old Testament Gog is the name of a north-
ern region. In view of the terror inspired by the
approach of the northern hordes, roughly known
as the Scythians, who eventually brought
about the "destruction of the powerful Assyrian
Empire (see Assyria), Gog, in association with
Magog, became a general designation for a pow-
erful and wicked opponent, and in the later apoc-
alyptic writings becomes one of the terms de-
scriptive of Antichrist (cf. Rev. xx. 8). The
tijuising of Gog and Magog against the kingdom
of Christ and their destruction by God Himself
is the precursor of the millennium. In the Koran
Gog and Magog represent a barbarous people of
Central Asia in the days of Dhu-1-Qarnain (Alex-
ander the Great). They are also represented as
appearing in the last days.
Gog and Magog are names popularly given to the two wooden statues of giants preserved in the Guildhall at London. According to the story, the living prototypes of the two figures were the survivors of a race of giants found in Britain by Brute, son of Antenor of Troy, and by him subdued. They were brought prisoners to London, where they were chained to the gates of a palace on the site of the Guildhall and kept as porters. When they died, their effigies were set up in their place. This is Ca.xton's account; but there is another, which represents one of the giants as Gogmagog. and the other as a British giant who killed him. named Corineus. The two giants have been the pride of London from time immemorial. On London Bridge they welcomed Henry V. in 1415; in 1558 they stood by Temple Bar, when Elizabeth passed through the city gate. The old giants were burned in the great lire, and the new ones were constructed in 1708. They are fourteen feet high, and occupy suitable pedestals in the Guildhall. The ancient effigies, which were made of wickerwork and paste- board, were carried through the streets in the Lord ilayor's shows, and copies of the present giants were in the show of 18.37.
GOGGLE-EYE (so called from its protrud-
ing eyes). The rock-bass {Autbloplites rupes-
tris), locally so called. See Rock Bass.
GOGGLE-NOSE (so called from the round,
black spots on its nose, which resemble goggles).
A local name among American gunners for the
surf scoter ( duck ) . See Scoter.
GOGOL, go'gol, Nikolai Vassiltevitch(1809-
52 ) . One of the greatest of Russian writers,
born in the Government of Poltava, of a family
of Cossack origin. On graduating at the Nyezhin
Lyceum he went to Saint Petersburg (1828),
and was a clerk in the Department of Appanages
in 1830-.32. During these years he published a
series of sketches, Erenings at a Farmhouse
Xcar Dikan'ka. In these he exploited his per-
sonal knowledge and his grandfather's stories of
Cossack everyday life. It brought him imme-
diate attention and the friendship of Pushkin
and Pletnyoff, who obtained for Gogol an in-
structorship in literature, and in 1834 an ad-
junct professorship in history. This he soon
resigned for purely literary work. During 1832-
34 appeared a second series, Mirgorod (collected
in 1835), containing among others: Taras Bulba,
Old World Proprietors, and How th-e Two Ivans
Quarreled. Taras Bulba, rewritteii and enlarged
in 1842, is a glowing ])icture of the Cossack
struggles with the Catholic Poles and Moham-
medan Tatars in the sixteenth century. It is an
epic in poetic prose. The two other sketches
are minute studies of Lfttle Russian life. The
series Arabesqtirs deals with the life of the small
middle class in Saint Petersburg. In 1836 ap-
peared the comedy Rerizor. which held up to
ridicule the ignorance, corruption, trickery, and
arbitrariness of provincial officialdom. A mighty
cry of treason went up from all who were sup-
ported by State money, and but for the will of
Nicholas I., who heartily enjoyed it, it would
have been immediately withdrawn from the
stage. The intense mortification at the general
