GROS. 300 GKOSS. His "Plague at Jall'a" (1805), now in the Lou vre, is a masterpiece in tliis regard, it represents Napoleon ministering to his plague-stricken and dying soldiers in an Oriental courtyard. "Na- poleon al Eylau" (ISOS), also in the Louvre, is equally important. In the same vein is -Napoleon Before the Pyramids" (1810). Be- sides this picture, the JIuseum of Versailles con- tains other great historical pictures, the best of which is the "Flight of Louis XVIIL from the Tuileries" (1810). "Francis I. and Charles V. at Saint Denis" (1808), in the Louvre, called by the painter his "Bouquet," is the best of his works in color. His portraits, of which the Gal- lery of Versailles contains a large number, are of great strength. Among the best are those of Generals SLassena, Lasalle, and Fournier-Sarlo- vese (Versailles). His works in the classic styla are tlie weakest of his productions. He left a large number of influential pupils. Consult the biographies of Gros by Delestre (Paris, 1807), Tripier le Franc (ib., 1880), and Dargenty (ib.. 1887). See also Chesneau, I^cs chefs dccole (ib., 1883), and Delacroix, in the Revue clcs Driix Mondes (1848). GROS, Pierre le. See Legros, Piebre. GKO'SART, Alexa.der Baleoch (1827-09). An English literary antiquary, born at Stirling, Scotland. Ordained as minister in the LTnited Presbyterian Church in 1856, he settled as pas- tor of Saint George's Chu"cb, H'.r'.c'iburn, Lan- cashire, in 18G8. 0->ving to ill health, he re- signed in 1892, and passed his last years in Dublin. He wrote hymns and religious works, but is known chiefly for his editions of Eliza- bethan and post-Elizabethan writers, Spenser, Sidney, Nash, Greene, Ban.field, Donne, Giles Fletcher, Vaughan, Herbert. F-vrick, and others, published in the Fuller Worthies' Library, the Chcrtsey Library, the Huth Library, and else- where. Grosart performed a valuable service in collecting a mass of literary material, which needs sifting by more exact scholars. GROSBEAK (from (jross + beak, imitated from Vr. (/roshec, grosbeak). Any of several birds, especially of the family Fringillidae, not- able becau.se of the great thickness of the bill, which can be used for breaking the stones of cherries, olives, and the like. The hawfinch (q.v.) and greenfinch (q.v.) are common Euro- pean examples. In America a number of birds, which have no close association with each other, are so called — prominently the cardinal. (See Caedtnal-Biro. ) The pine grosbeak (Pinicola enurlcator) breeds in the far North, but in winter is found as far south as Washington, though its appearance is very irregular. As it usually appears, the color is slaty gray, with yellowish or reddish olive feathers on the crown and rump. In full plumage, however, the males are beautiful rosy-red. The length is about nine inches. The rose-breasted grosbeak (Ilahia Liidorieiava) is one of the handsomest birds of Eastern North America. The male is black .above and white below, with the breast a beautiful rose-red; the female is grayish-brown and bntfy. . The length is eight inches. This grosbeak breeds as far north as Maine and Manitoba, but it winters in Central and South ■merica. Its song is brilliant though not elaborate. In the far West it is re- placed by the black-headed grosbeak ( Habia melanocephala) , the male of which has the breast orange-brown instead of rose. (See Col- oicd Plate of Egos of Song-Birdis.) In the Southern States the blue grosbeak (Ouiraca cari(lea) is a summer resident. The male is deep blue in color, and about seven inches long. In the interior of North Ameriia from .Manitoba northward is found the very liandsonie evening grosbeak (C'oecolhiinislefi rcupoiiiiiis) , which is black, yellow, olive-brown, and white. The length is about eight inches. This grosbeak is irregularly migratory in winter, and in 1890 large flocks appeared in New England, where they were common for several weeks. It is usu- ally a rare bird in any part of the United States except near Jlanitoba. It received it.s name under the impression that it sang only at twilight; but its voice is heard all day as it seeks its food (seeds, buds, and in.sects) in the forest trees. Three of the species above mentioned are illus- trated on the Plate of Buntings, etc. GROSE, Francis (c.1731-91). An English antiquarian writer, bom in Middlesex of a Swiss father and an English mother. He began his career as an architectural draughtsman, but his improvident habits made it necessary for him to combine this with other occupations, and he is known principally by his antiquarian researches. Grose's voluminous writings include general dis- courses upon the antiquities of England and Wales, Scotland, and Ireland, and special articles, upon armor, for example, while his hiunor is shown in parodies, dictionaries of slang, and proverbs. GROSE, William (1812-1900). An Ameri- can soldier and politician, born in Dayton, Ohio. When he was three years old his family removed to Indiana, which thenceforth was his home. He received a common-school education, studied law, and in 1852 was a Presidential elector on the Pierce ticket and a candidate for Congress. When the Republican Party was organized soOn afterwards he joined it, and in 1850 was elected to the Legislature. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but resigned in order to recruit the Thirty- sixth Indiana regiment of infantry, of which he was commissioned colonel on .August 30. 1801. and which joined the Army of the Cumberland. During the succeeding campaigns Grose com- manded a brigade in the battles of Mnrfreesboro, Chickamauga, and Chattanooga. He was com- missioned a brigadier-general on .Tuly 30, 1864, in the midst of the operations before Atlanta ; at the battle of Na.shville (December 15 and 16, 1864) he commanded the Third Brigade in Gen- eral Thomas's array; and in 1865 he was bre- vetted major-general of volunteers. From 1866 to 1874 he was collector of internal revenue for the Fifth District in Indiana; in 1877 he was sent to the Legislature for the second time, and from 1879 to" 1883 was a State Senator. He again ran for Congress in 1878. this time on tlie Republican ticket, but was again defeated. From 1884 to 1886 he was one of a commission appointed to build three State hospitals for the insane, and in 1887 was once more elected to the Indiana Legislature. GROSS (OF. gros. from Lat. rirossiis. thick). In law. at large: general; not limited or con- fined to a particular thing. Thus a right in qioss is a right generally exercisable by a person, as distinguished from a right appendant or ap-
