GROSS. 301 GROSSETESTE. piirtenant. The terai is most commonly eiii- plo}-ed in connection with the class of rights known as incorporeal hereditaments, as easements and profits ft. prendre in the lands of another. Thus a right to take ice from a neighbor's pond to supply the domestic uses of the taker is a profit appurtenant to the premises of the latter, whereas a right to take ice «</ libil urn' for any purpose is a |)ro(it in gross. Such a profit is a true real property riglit, which may be aequired by grant (q.v.) or prescription (q.v.) , and which, wlien once gained, maj' be alienated or trans- mitted, like other real property, to the heir of the owner. Corresponding rights in the nature of easements, sometimes called easements in gross, are, however, not property rights, but mere licenses. See Appurtenance; Ea.semem'; Profit a Prendre. GROSS, gros, Charles (18.57—). An Ameri- can historian, born at Troy. X. V.. He gradu- ated at Williams College in 1878, went abroad for historical .studv, and took his doctorate at Giittingen in 18S3.' From 1884 to 1888 he con- tinued his historical work in England, confin- ing himself to researches in the constitutional history of that covintry. He returned to the United States in ISSS to become instructor in history at Harvard University, where in 1901 he became a full professor. His researches in constitutional history, which made him prob- ably better known in Europe, and especially in England, than in America, include: Gilda Mer- cntoria (1883) ; The Exchequer of the Jews of England in the Middle Ages (1887); The Gild Merchant (1800); Select Cases from the Coro- ner's Rolls (189G) ; BihUography of British Mu- nicipal History (1898); and fiourees and Liter- ature of English History (1900). GROSS, gr6s, Ferdinand (1849-1900). An Atistrian .lutlior. born and educated at Vienna. He was an editor of the Fninl^fiirter Zeitung ( 1879-81 ) : the Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung ( 1881- 86) ; and the publication entitled Wiener Mode, which he conducted for several years. His publi- cations include: Oberammerf/auer Passiovsbriefe (2d ed. 1890) ; "Bliitter im Winde." in the Bihliothelc fiir Ost und West (2d ed. 1888) ; Die nenrn .Journalisten. a eomedv with Jlax Nor- dau (1880): In Lachen und Liichcln (1898); and translations from Coquelin. Daudet, Hervieu, Bisson, and others. GROSS, gros, SAMtTSL T). (1805-84). A cele- brated American surgeon, born in Pennsylvania. He was graduated in medicine from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1828: prac- ticed his profession in Philadelphia from 1828 to 1833. and in Cincinnati, Ohio, from 1833 to 1840. From 1835 to 1840 he was alsn professor of pathological anatomy in Cincinnati College. He was professor of surgery. University of Louis- ville, Ky., from 1840 to 18.50; professor of sur- gery. TTniversity of New York, from 1850 to 1856; and professor of stirgery in .TefTerson Medi- cal College from 1856 to 1884. He was president of the American Jfcdical Association in 1867. His contributions to literature, besides valuable translations of French and German works, in- cluded: Diseases of the Bones and Joints (1830) ; Elements of Pathological Anatomy (1839) ; and the valuable and comprehensive System of Sur- gery (6th ed. 1884). GROSS, William Hickley (1837-98). An .Vnic'iican prelate, born in iialtimore, Md. He studied at Saint Joseph's College and joined the Kedeniplionists in 1857, becoming superior of the Order in 1871. Two years later he was appointed r.isliup of Savannah, Ga., and in 1884 became Archliishop uf UregcJii. GROSS ADVENTURE. In maritime law, a bottomry loan, so called because of the general charaiter of the risk assumed. Such a loan con- trilivifcs to the general average in case of loss. Sec Bottomry Bond; Average, in Law. GROSSBEEREN, grus-lrn'rcn. A village in the Cinlc of Potsdam. Gennany. 13 miles south of Berlin. Population, in 1900, 1351. It is noted as the scene of the Prussian repulse of the French advance on Berlin in 1813. The Prussians were coiumanded by Von Billow; the French, imder Oudinot, were driven back on the Elbe. GROSSE, gnVsc, JuLirs (1828-1902). A Ger- man poet, born at Erfurt and educated at Halle. For many years he was associated with the Xeue Miinehener Zeitung, afterwards known as the Bayrische Zeitung, and with the Schiller-Stiftung, of which he was secretary. His works include dramas, epics, songs, ballads, and novels. Espe- cially noteworthy are his war-songs entitled Wider Frankreich (1870) ; the epic poems. Das Volkramslied (1889; 3d ed. 1897), Gundrl rom Konigssee (frequently dramatized), an<l Das Mildchen von Capri; the comic epics, Pcsaeh Par- del (1871), Hilpah und Shahim, and Der Wasun- gcr Not (1872) ; Tiberius, a drama (1875) ; Ein Hevolutionar, a novel (2d ed. 1871) ; Tante Carl- dora, a novel; Fortunnt, a drama (1895); Die Novellen des Architekten ( i.-xx., containing Nun- zidla. Die Rache nach dem Tode, 1896), and similar tales and romances. GROSSE, Theodor (1829-91). A German painter, liorn in Dresden. He studied at the Droilcn Academy under Bendemann, whom he afterwards helped in the decoration of the Royal Palace and the Museum at Dresden. After sev- eral years in Italy Grosse returned to paint the eastern loggia of the Leipzig Museum. In 1867 he was made professor at the Dresden Academy. His other works include: "Leda with the Swan" (1852. Dresden Galley) : "Scenes from the Jlyth of Bacchus" ( 1877. foyer of the New Theatre, Dresden) : "The Visit of the Three Angels to Abraham" (1863, City Jlusenm. Leipzig); and ■■.rrival of the Souls in Purgatory." after Dante (1879, Dresden Gallery). GROSSE (gros) ISLE. An islet of Canada, in the river Saint Lawrence; 2% miles long and 1 mile wide. It lies 29 miles below Quebec., and is the provincial quarantine station. GROSSENHAIN, gro'scn-hln. A town in the Kingdom of Sa.xony. Germany, on the PiWIer. 20 miles northwest of Dresden (Map: Prussia. E 3). It has extensive manufactures, incbiding woolens, silk, machinery, buckskin, leather, cigars, hosiery, copper and zinc wares, soap, trimmed lumber, and bricks. Population, in 1890. 11.9.38: in 1900. 12.064. The town is men- tioned as early as the tenth eentury. and was nn important trading and military centre in the Middle Aijes. GROSSETESTE, gros'fest. Robert (e.ll75- 1253). A celebrated English prelate. He was bom in SuflTolk, studied at Oxford and Paris,
