GOLDONI. 16 GOLDSCHMIDT. 1883")^ Rabany, Carlo Goldoni: Le theatre et la vie en Italic uu XVIlleme siecle (Paris. IS'.tfi) ; Clipping, Al/ieri and Goldoni. Their Lives and Adventures (London, 1857) ; Lettere di Carlo Goldoni, con prefazione e note di G. U. Vrhani (Venice, 1880). The most complete edition of hi3 plays is that of Venice, 1788, republished in Florence in 1827. GOLDS. A jn'ople of the Lower Amur and the Us>uri, ill Soutlicastern Siberia, belonsinsr, physi- cally and linguistically, to the Tungusic group of Siberian peoples. Deniker (1900) describes them as "of a very pure type, and having a fairly well developed ornamental art." Laufer, who visited them in 1898-99, notes the great in- fluence of Chinese symbolism and ornamental motifs upon the art product'; of the Golds; the dragon and the cock seem to have been introduced thus. The Golds have a rich mythology (with many archaic words and phrases), a considerable portion of which has evidently originated in Mongolian Central Asia. From the Chinese some of the Golds have learned the art of silk-era- broidery, in which they display great skill. Although fishers and hiuiters generally, a portion of them h.ive taken to agi'ioulture with not a little success. They are said to be losing of late years their individuality through the mania for Russian fashions, etc. Laufer informs us that "a tendency to rationalism, due perhaps to con- tinuous contact with Chinese culture, is one of the distinguishing traits of the Gold's character." It is to this 'preponderance of intellect' that Laufer attributes the absence of many ceremonies, feasts, etc., among the Golds, and the dying out of belief in the old shamans, whose place the Russian physician now takes. Marriages of Golds and Chinese are said to be often infertile. A primitive people, under the influence of such differing cultures as the Cliinese and the Rus- sian, the Golds are of considerable ethnological importance. The best recent account of the Golds and other tribes of the Amur will be found in Schrenck, "Die Viilker des Amurlandes," vol. iii. of his Forschunqen in Amnrland. lSo!r5(y (Saint Petersburg, 1881-91): and Laufer, "The Amoor Tribes," in the American Anthropologist (New York) for 1900. GOLDS'BOKO. A city and the county-seat of Wayne County, N. C, 49 miles southeast of Raleigh ; on the Neuse River, and on the South- ern, the Atlantic Coast Line, and the Atlantic and North Carolina railroads (itap: North Carolina, E 2). It has Hermann Park, an Odd Fellows' Orphan Home, the Eastern Insane Asylum (colored), and a State Normal School for negroes. The city is the commercial centra for an agricultural and cotton-growing section ; its industrial plants include cotton-mills, oil- mills, furniture-factories, agricultural-implement works, machine-shops, a mattress-factory, etc. Goldsboro was settled in 1838, and was incor- porated three years later. Lender a charter of 1901. the government is vested in a mayor, elected every two years, and a council. The water-works and electric-light plant are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 4017: 'in 1900. 5877. GOIiDS'BOROUGH, Lotus Malesherbe.s (1805-77). An American naval officer, bom at Washington. D. C. He was appointed a mid- shipman in the navy in 1812, when only seven years old, but did not enter upon active duty until 1816. He served on the Mediterranean and Pacific stations, and was promoted a lieutenant in 1825. He then spent two years in study in Paris on leave of absence. In the following year, 1827, being again on duty in the Mediterra- nean, he distinguished himself by rescuing an English brig which had been captured by pirates in the Grecian Archipelago. In 183.3 he retired from the navy, and settled in Florida, where he recruited and commanded a corapanj' of volunteer cavalrj' during the Seminole War. Returning again to tlie na'j'. he was promoted commander in 1841, and served in the Mexican War. acting as executive officer of the frigate Ohio at the bombardment of Vera Cruz. In 1849 he was a member of the joint army and navy commission in California and Oregon; was superinteiulcnt of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis from 1853 to 1857, during which period (1855) he attained the grade of captain; and from 1857 to 1861 was again at sea. He w-as made flag- officer at the outbreak of the Civil War, and on the abolition of that rank in 1862 became rear- admiral. His first service was with the North Atlantic blockading sqviadron in September, 1861. He commanded the fleet which coiijierated with General Burnside in his North Carolina expedition in 1862 ; commanded the Euro])ean Sriuadiou in 1865-67. and subsequently was com- mandant of the navy yards at Mare Island, California, and at Washington. In 1873 be re- tired from active duty as senior officer in point of length of service. GOLDSCHMID, golt'shmlt. See Fabricius, Georg. GOLDSCHMIDT, Adalbert vox (18.53—). A German composer. He was born at Vienna, and was educated at the conservatory in that city. Although not a musician by profession, he acquired an excellent reputation as a com- poser, notably through his three-part cantata Die siebcn Todsiinden. based upon the celebrated poem bv Robert Hamerling. The cantata Avas first per- formed at Berlin in 1875. In 1884 Goldschmidt brought out an opera entitled Heliunthvs, which was followed, in 1889, by a trilogi", Gwa. GOLDSCHMIDT, HERSlAlf (1802-66). A Ger- man painter and astronomer. He was bom at Frankfort, June 17, 1802, the son of a Jewish merchant. For ten years he assisted his father in his business, and studied painting at Munich under Cornelius and Schnorr. In 1836 he es- tablished himself in Paris, where he painted a number of pictures of average merit, among which may be mentioned the "Cuniipan Sibyl," an "Offering to Venus," a "View of Rome," the "Death of Romeo and Juliet," and several Alpine landscapes. In 1847 he began to devote his at- tention to astronomy; and from 1852 to 1861 he discovered fourteen asteroids between Mars and Jupiter, on which account he received the grand astronomical prize of the Academy of Sciences. His observations of the protuberances on the sun, made during the total eclipse on July 10. 1860, are included in the work of Miidler on the eclipse, published in 1861. He died at Fontainebleau, September 10, 1866. GOLDSCHMIDT, Jenny Lind. See Lind, Jenny. GOLDSCHMIDT, ]Meyer Aaron (1819-87). A Danish publicist and novelist, born at Vording-
