GOLDSCHMIDT. 17 GOLDSMITH. borg, of Jewish parents. In 1847 he founded the periodical Xord og 8yd. which, under his management, became an influential political or- gan. In ISdl he established tlic veol<ly paper Hjeinmc oq (tic. lie was a gifted story-teller, and his descriptions of Jewish life have never been surpassed. His numerous novels and fables include: lUi Jiidc (184.'), Eng. trans, under the title The Jeio of Denmark, by Mrs. Bushby, 1852); Hjemliist (185:5; Eng. trans, by the author under the title Homeless; or, A Poet's Inner Life, ISGl) ; Rahhien op RUl<}erpn (1869) ; Kjiirlifihcd-ihislorier fra ninnfic Lnnde. a series of love-tales of various lands (1867); and Av- rohmche ym tergal (1871). GOLDSCHMIDT, Otto (1829—). A Ger- man-English pianist, conductor, and composer. He was born at ilamburg, and was a pupil of .Jakob Schmitt, MendeLssohn, and Chopin. In 1851 he accompanied Jenny Lind on her American tour, and married her at Boston in the following year. After a sojourn of three years at Dresden (1852- 55), the couple removed to London in 1858, after which Goldschmidt was prominentl.v identified with the musical life of the British capital. He successively became professor and vice-principal of the Royal Academy of jMusic (1863). and director of' the Bach Choir (1876-86), a society founded by him in 1875. He also, on several occasions, conducted the celebrated Lower Rhine Festivals at Diisseldorf. Among his principal musical publications are: Ruth, an oratorio (1867); Choral-Rook for England (with Julius Benedict) ; a pianoforte concerto, op. 10; a piano- forte trio, op. 12; and several other pianoforte compositions and songs. After the death of his wife (1887) he was instrumental in securing the publication of her biography (1891). GOLDSINNY, or GOLDFINITY. A small, bright yellow European wrasse [Si/mphodus me- lops) , frequenting rocky coasts, and sometimes taken by anglers. GOLD'SMITH, Lewis (c.I76.3-1846) . An English journalist, whose parents or grand- parents were .Tews from Portugal. He was born in London, and was educated there for the law. A strong sympathizer with the Revolutionists in France and Poland, he used his pen in their behalf after his return to London from a Conti- nental sojourn. In 1802 he edited a tri-weekly paper in the interests of Napoleon. . The Emperor demanded of him service's of espionage and in- trigue that he refused to render, and he left his French post in 1800, establishing himself in Lon- don as a notary and journalist. He was well equipped to revile his Revolutionary associates, and did so with a free pen, attacking Napoleon's moral character, and becoming an ardent par- tisan of Louis XVIII. He became a disciple of Robert Owen in England, and lived to be a very old man. GOLDSMITH, Oliver (1728-74). An Eng- lish author. He was born in the village of Pallas. Countv of Longford, Ireland, Xovember 10, 1728. His father. Rev. Charles Goldsmith, a clergyman of the Established Church, was at that time curate to the rector of Kilkenny West. When six years old. Oliver was placed in the village school kept by an old soldier, Thomas Byrne, described in "The Deserted Village." WTiile there he suffered permanent disfigurement from a bad attack of smallpox. He subsequently at- tended other small schools, and at length entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a 'sizar,' or poor scholar (.June 11, 1744). Neither at school nor at the university did he display any conspicuous talents. But he had long been interested in chapbooks and the ballads of the peasantry, and had attempted verse. Disliking his tutor and his studies, humiliated by his position, and becoming involved in a college riot, he sold his books ami ran away to Cork. Through the influence of his brother Henry, he was induced to return to the university, where he was graduated B.A. ( Feb- ruary 27, 1749). His imcle, Rev. Tiiomas Con- tarine, who had helped Goldsmith at the univer- sity, now tried to induce him to take orders; but he either declined or was rejected by the Bishop of Elphin. Thereupon he went to Cork to embark for America, but missed his ship. His uncle next gave him £50 to study law in London; but Goldsmith soon returned, having got no farther than Dublin, where he lost his money at a gaming-house. Again aided by Con- tarine, he succeeded in reaching Edinburgh, where he began the study of medicine in 1752; but toward the end of the next year he sailed for I^yden, and then set out on tlie grand tour, wandering on foot through Flanders, France, Germany, and Italy, paying while in France for the hospitality of the peasants by playing on his flute. In 1756 he returned to England with empty pockets, and soon began to practice medi- cine in Southwark. He quickly abandoned his ]>rofcssion to become, in turn, proofreader, usher in an academy at Peckham, and then hack- writer at 'an adequate salary' for the Monthly Review. In 1758 he was nominated physician and surgeon in the India service, but the ap- pointment was not confirmed; and being ex- amined the same year at Surgeons' Hall for the post of 'hospital mate,' he was found 'not quali- fied.' The very clothes in which he appeared before his examiners were borrowed; and, being in great distress, he pawned them. Besides several articles in the Monthly Re- view, Goldsmith had by this time translated the Memoirs of Jean Marteilhe of Bergerac (1758). In .April of the next year he attracted some attention by the Enquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe. He was employed on three periodicals started in this year, writing probably all the articles for the Bee, a weekly that ran through only eight numbers. On Jan- uary 24, 1760, he contributed to the Public Ledger the first of the celebrated Chinese Letters, republished two years later luider the title of The Citizen of the World. In 1762 appeared also the Life of Richard Nash, the famous Bath beau. His literary work had already gained him the friendship of Bishop Percy and Dr. .Johnson. In 1764 the Literary Club was founded, and Goldsmith was one of the nine original members. He was thus brought into intimacy with some of the most eminent men of the time. This year he published A History of England, in a series of letters, which was followed by "The Traveler" in 1765, a poem which placed him at once in the front rank of contemporary writers. The follow- ing year came his only novel. The Viear of Wake- field, which, with all its faults, is one of the most deli;jhtful stories in English literature. It h.Ts passed through more than a hundred editions. Turning now to the drama, he produced The flood-Natured Man, performed at Covent Garden,
