GRYPH^A. 322 GUADALAJARA. ica and Europe. At some Cretaceous localities in the United Slates Gryph.nea shells have been washed out of the soft deposits in which they were entombed, and now lie scattered on the sur- face of the ground in great numbers. See EX0GTR.. GRYPHIUS, grlf'i-us, Ger. pron. gie'fe-us, Anukeas (l(ilti-64). A German dramatic poet, whose real name was Greif. He was born at Grossglogau. He studied at Leyden, traveled in France and Italy, and was appointed Syndic of Glogau. The strviggles of his youth and the envy of later years, as well as physical weakness, made his lyrics sombre and his epigrams sharp. But his dramatic work, which is far more important, suf- fers little from his own experience of the tragedy of life; and the plaj's Leo Armceniiis (1646), Katharina von Cleorgien , [IfUl) , Cardenio nnd Celinde, and Pnpinianus, though marred by imita- tions of Seneca and of Vondel, show consider- able power. His comedies are even better. Peter /8(/«CH/3, or Ahsurda Vomica (c.l650), is based on the main episodes of the Midsummer Xiflht's Dream ; norribilicribrifaT, of about the same date, has much the same motive as Plautus's Miles Gloriosus. save that it adds a iiedantic scholar, besides a braggart captain : and Das rcrtibte Gespen-ste (1660), and Die ijelibte Dornrosc. written in the dialect of Silesia, are full of liunior. Several of his plays and lyrics have been reprinted in recent times. Gryphius also translated many Dutch, Italian, and French plays; wrote an epic in Latin, and was considered a marvel of learning, as he knew eleven languages and lectured on logic, anatomy, geography, Iiis- torv. mathematics. astronomy, and Roman an- tiquities. A fairly complete edition of his works is th.at published at Breslau (16,'57-63). Consult: Hermann, Uebcr Andreas Grjiphivs (Leipzig, 1851 ) ; Klopp, Andreas Grt/phins als Dramati- her (Osnabriiek. 1852) ; and Wysocki, Andreas Gryphivs et la Iratjedie allemande au XVIIeme si^cle (Paris, 1803). GRYPHIUS (properly Greytf), SEB-iiSTiAN (1493-1550). A German printer, bom at Reut- lingen, and a brother of Franz Greyff, who pub- lished at Paris a Lexicon Grceco-Latinum. Se- bastian went to Lyons before 1524, and printed there more than three hundred titles in Hebrew. Greek, and Latin, but veiy few in French. The best-known among his books are a Latin Bible of 1550, in unusually large type, and a Thesaiinis Linguce Sanetw. by Sanctus Pagninus (1529). His son Antoine carried on his father's business for a time in Lyons. GRYPHON, grif'on (archaic form of griffin). ( 1 ) A fabled monster with the head of an eagle and the lower part of a lion. (2) In Orlando Fnrioso, the brother of Aquilant. a brave cham- pion and a follower of Charlemagne. GRYSBOK, gris'bok (Dutch grijsbok. from grijs, gray -f bok, buck). A small chocolate-red antelope CXanrjtragus melanotis), one of the steinboks (q.v. ), now met with only in the hilly country north and west of the Limpopo River. Compare Oribi. GUACA, g^v■i'ka. or HUACA, hwii'k.a. See Peruvian Antiquitie.s. GUACAMAIA, gwa'ka-mi'4. A West Indian parrot-fish (q.v.). GUACHARO, gwa-chli'ro, Oil-Bird, or Fat- Bird. A curious bird of northern South America, which has many resemblances to the niglitjars, but is now regarded as constituting a sejjarate family, the Steatornithida>. Its specitic name is Stcatornis Caripensis, in allusion to the valley of Caripe (q.v.). where it was first obtained by Humboldt and Bonpland. It is about the size of a crow, much resembles a nightjar in form and plumage, and is wludly nocturnal, spending the day in vast luimbers in deep and dark caverns. At night the birds come forth, chattering with a queer clicking note, and search the forests for food, which consists of oily nuts and fruits. The hard, indigestible seeds swallowed by the gua- charos accumulate on the fioor of their caves in great quantities, and many of them sprout and grow in pale, colorless forms of plants, which form a most singular jiart of the scenery of the caverns. The bii'd is said to make a bowl-like nest of clay, in which are laid two to four white eggs. The young are extremely fat, and are gath- ered by the Indians and used by many white per- sons as food ; but more extensively as the source of a clear and very useful oil, which is tried out of their bodies. The guacharo inhabits Trinidad and neighboring islands, and various inland parts of Venezuela and Ecuador. Consult Newton, Dictionary of Birds (London and New York, 1893-96). where many further references will be found. See Plate of Nightjars, etc. GUACHOS, gwa'ehoz. See Gauchos. GUACO, gva'k6 (South American name). A Peruvian medicinal plant. See Eupatorium. GUADALAJARA, gwa'da-la-iiii'ra (Lat. Ar- riacu). Capital of the Spanish province of the same name, situated on the left bank of the Ilenares. 35% miles by rail northeast of Jladrid (jIap: Spain. D 2). It is an ill-built town, but has many buildings of interest, some of which, however, have fallen into ruin. The chief of these are the palace of the Mendozas, the feudal lords of Guadalajara ; the Fanteon. in which they are buried ; the Cloister of San Francisco, now a fiu't: and the Gothic- Arabian palace of the dukes of the Infantado. There are also some notable churches, and several educational establishments, including a school of military engineering, and the provincial institute, museum, and library, in- stalled in an old convent. , The industrial estab- lishments inchule textile and flour mills. Guada- lajara fell into the hands of the Moors in 714. but became a possession of Castile in 1081. Popu- lation, in 1807. 11.513; in 1900, 10.944. GUADALAJARA. The capital of the State of Jalisco, Mexico, situated near the Rio Grande de Santiago. 3000 feet above sea-level (Map; Mexico. G 7). The surrounding district is fer- tile and rich in silver-mines, and the city it- self is well built, with straight, well - paved streets, and many large squares, being the third city in the country in size, and second only to Mexico in import.ance. The chief buildings are the cathedral, dating from 1618. which has a magnificent interior, and contains a beauti- ful painting by Murillo; the university, the Gov- ernment building, episcopal palace, theological seminary, high school, and art academy. The city has also a public library of 24,000 volumes; a botanical garden, and a number of scientific and literary institutions, as well as several fine
