HABDANGER FJORD. 552 HARDENBERG. ice-clad plateau. The narrow strips of well- cultivated land along the shores are densely popu- lated liy the Hara^nger. a peupk- distinguished for their interesting national eustoms and dress. HARD CASH. See Very Hard Cash. HARD'CASTLE. A family, the members of whieli are ])rincipal characters in Goldsmith's <S7ic stoops tu Vunijucr. The scene is laid about the coimtry liouse of jovial Squire Hardcastle, the father of Kate, the heroine of the comedy, who assumes the airs of a barmaid in order to win the love of the bashful JIarlow. The pre- tentious Jlrs. Hardcastle is the mother of Tony Lumpkin, the Squire's stepson. HARD CLAM, or ROUND CLAM. The qucihog. See Cla.m. HAR'DECANUTE', HARDACNUT, or HARTHACNXJT (e.1019-42). King of England and of Denmark. He was the son of Canute the (ireat and Emma of Normandy, and at the time of his father's death (103.5) was ruling as undcr-king in Denmark. Canute had intended the' crown of England for Hardeeanute, but the English Witan decided that his half-brother Har- old should l)e King of the Nortli, and Harde- eanute should have only Wessex. As Hardeeanute neglected to take possession of his kingdom, it passed to Harold in 1037. On the latter's death, however, in 1040, Hardeeanute was chosen King of England by the Witan. He arrived in Eng- land with a fleet of sixty ships, for the main- tenance of which he extorted a heavy daneqeld. He was coarse and violent in his habits, and un- scru]nilous in the meiins he adopted for the estab- lislinient of liis power. His reig7i was peaceful. He died .Tune 8. 1042, at the marriage banquet of one of his noldes, and with him ended the Danish line in England. He was succeeded by his half- brother, Edward the Confessor (q.v.). Consult Freeman, The Sorman Conquest, vol. i. (Oxford, 18G9). HAR'DEE, WiLLi.wr .Joseph (1815-73). An American soldier, prominent on the Confederate side in the Civil War. He was born in Savannah, Ga.: graduated at West Point in 1838: and ser'ed with distinction through the Seminole and Mexican wars. At the outbreak of the Civil War he resigned from the United States Army to accept a commission as colonel in the Con- federate service, and during the first year of the_ war held various commands in the West. The next spring he commanded a corps in the Arniv of the Mississippi, and at Shiloh. April 6. 1862, led the first Confederate line of battle. During Bragg's invasion of Kentucky in the following September, he commanded the left wing of the invaders, and later took a prominent part in the battles of Perryville and of Murfreesboro. By this time he had attained the rank of lieii- tenant-genernl. In the summer of 1803 he was placed in charge of the defense of IVIississippi and Alabama, but rejoined the army in time to command his corps at the battle of Missionary Ridge. Soon after this, December 2, 1803, he succeeded General Bragg in command of the Anny of Tennessee, but was himself replaced by Polk on December 2.Sd, who. however, gave way to .Joseph E. .Tohnston on December 27tli, Under General .Johnston. Hardee fought through the Atlanta campaign, and after the fall of Atlanta was assigned to the command of the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. His forces, largely composed of the local militia, were unable to make any eflectual opposition to Sherman's march to the sea; and it was only by good generalsliip that Hardee was able to escape from Savannah before the Federal forces had completed its investment. He there- upon retreated northward through the Carolinas, and effected a junction with .Johnston, under whose command he continued to serve until that general surrendered on April 20, 1805, After the war, he became a planter at Seliiia, Ala, HARDELOT, ar'd'-Io', Guy d'. A French .song comiKiser, born near Boulogne-sur-Jler, of pa- trician ancestry. After her marriage slie was a resident of I^ondon, England, where she became known by her husband's name (Rhodes), al- though her compositions were always published under the sigiuiture of D'Hardelot. Her first published composition attracted attention to her work, after which Melba, Pol Plancon, and Calve popularized her songs throughout the world, and particularly in the United States and England. Her songs, nearly all written to lrench words, although accompanied by an English translation, were marked by considerable melodic originality, and a general appropriateness of text and music; and as a rule make up in artistic daintiness what they lack in depth. Some of her better- known songs are: .4. i^oiis! Arcc foi. Little Boi/ Blue, Migtion, Say yes, Truelove Land, Tristesse, Quand on aiine, and A Bunch of Violets. She made one visit to the United States, in company with Jlnie. Calve. HAR'DEN, Maximilian (1801—). A Ger- man journalist and author, born in Berlin. After a seeondiiry education he became a contributor of essays and critiques on subjects of literature and the drama to the Frankfurter Zeituufi. the Oepen- icart, and the Nation. He first attracted atten- tion by a series of articles on social and jxilitical topics, published originally in the Geyenuxirt, with the signature 'Apostata,' and subsequently in two volumes, with the title Apostata (1892). In 1892 he established the Zukunft, a weekly ]ieriodical which proved a very successful venture, and in 1890 publislied Theater iind Litteratur. His individual and witty style and his unreserved expressions of opinion made him persona non (/rata to the Government, which he particularly opposed in connection with the policy of Von Caprivi. In 1900 he was condemned to six months' imprisonment in a fortress on the charge of Jcse-majesti'. HARDENBERG, liar'dni-berK, Albert (1510- 74). A Dutch theologian. whose real name was Rizilus, but who is usually called Albert Hardenberg, from his birthplace in Holland. In 1517 he entered a monastic school, and about 1530 went to Louvain. where he soon developed a distaste for scholastic theology. At JIainz, where he went to study, he met .Johannes a I^asco (q.v.). and was turned to Protestant ideas. He returned to I^ouvain, and preached the Reformation in a very mild form, but was forced to leave the city. He taught at Aduard for three years (1540-43), and then, through the efforts of A Lasco and of Melanchthon, left the Roman Church and went to Wittenberg (1543). .fterwards he came under the protection of the Archliishop of Cologne, who was friendly to the Reformation, and was settled as pastor at Kem-
