HARLEY. 568 HARLOW. Ilarley retained his post, having been twice re- elected, till 1705. In 1704 he became a mem- ber of the Privy Council and Secretary of State. Assisted by his cousin, Abigail Hill — afterwards Lady Mashani — he excited Queen Anne against her Whig ministers, Marlborough and Godolphin, who in turn plotted against him. By convict- ing Harley's secretary of treasonable corres])und- ence with France., they caused Harley him- self, though entirely exculpated, to resign his office in February. 1708. Harley, on his part, by persistently working on the Queen through Lady Jlasham during his two years of retirement, finally brought about the overthrow of the Whigs. In August, 1710, Godolphin was dismissed, and Harley, appointed to the post of Chancellor of the Exchequer, brought back the Tories. An event occurred in 1711 which raised him to the acme of popularity. A French priest and spy, who assumed the title of ibarquis de Guischard, when brought before the Comicil on Jlarch Sth, on the charge of treasonable correspondence with the French, rushed upon Harley. and stablied him with a penknife. He fell dangerously ill from the wound ; and when he recovered he was con- gratulated by Parliament on his escape, created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer, decorated with the Garter, and in the following May appointed Lord High Treasurer of Great Britain. From this point Harley's course was downward; he was not a man of business, and was destitute of de- cision of character. He was an astute political leader, but lacked sincerity, breadth of view, and, in brief, all other noble qualifications. The principal act of his administration was tire Treaty of Utrecht. Harley ceased to pay court to Lady Masham, and Bolingbroke succeeded in getting him dismissed on July 27, 1714. Lord Oxford retired on Tuesday; Bolingbroke became Premier; and the Queen died on Sunday. George I. was proclaimed, and the period of Tory ascend- ency came to an abrupt end. The conduct of both the Tory leaders in their relations with the Stuarts h.Td been such as to render their impeach- ment possible as well as probable. In March, 1715, Bolingbroke fled to France, but Oxford remained to meet his fate. He was sent to the Tower, and after two years' imprisonment brought to trial on a charge of treason. The two Houses quai'reled about the mode of procedure, and as the Commons in anger refused to take any part in the trial, he was acquitted by the Peers and released. He spent the remainder of his life in retirement. He was the fomider of a collect inn of books and MSS., which perpetuates his name. Consult: Burnet, Historp of His Own Times (G vols., London, 1S.38) ; Macaulay, Hisfwy of Eiifi- hind (London, 18.55) ; Stanhope. History of Etici- land. Comprising the Reir/n of Quern Anne Irntil the Peace of Utrecht (London. 1870) ; Lecky. His- tory of Enpland in the Eiyhieenth Century (Lon- don, 1878-nO) : Manning. Hpralcers of the House of Commons (London. 1851) ; Lodge, Portraits of Jlhislrinns Personages of flreat Britain (London, 18.50) : Howell, folate Trials (London. 1800-20) ; Bover, Political fttate of fSreat Britain (London, 1724) ; Roscoe. Eohert Harley, Earl of Oxford, Prime Minister 1710-1 'i (London, 1902). HARLEZ, iir'la', Charlk.s nE (18.32-00). A Bebjian Orientalist who attained to special emi- nence in the fields of Iranian and Chinese phi- lology. He was bom at Li6ge, and was educated at the university there, and afterwards took clerical orders, and rose to be a distinguished prelate in the Catholic Church, with the title of monsignor. His interest in the Orient early attracted him to the study of Sanskrit and Aves- tan; and in 18U7 he became actively engaged in teaching these studies at the University of Louvain. His translation of the Avesta, Livre sacrc. des sectatcnrs de Zoroastre (1875-77; 2d ed. 1881), still holds a high rank among scholars. It was followed by a series of other situdies in Zoroastrianism : Etudes arcstiriues (1878); Des origines du Zoroastrisme (1870); L'exegese des textes avestiques (1883) ; and several grammars or manuals for the study of Sanskrit (1878; 2d ed. 1885); Avesta ("1879; 2d ed. 1882); Pahlavi (1880), including one also on Manchu (1884). About 1884, in connection ith his researches into the language of Manchuria, he began to turn from Persia and India to China, and he devoted the remainder of his life to investiga- tions connected with the literature, language, and life of China herself. A long series of monographs or volumes from his pen on the subject of Chinese was the result. These are to be found published in the Annals of the Musee Guimet, of Paris, and in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Belgium. In 1896 a large number of his pupils and friends issued a volume in honor of this distinguished scholar; it bears the title Recueil de traraux d'erudition offert a ilgr. Charles de Harlez (Leyden, 1896). The breadth of Harlez's studies and interest is shown likewise by his acquaintance with several of the American languages and also with Magyar litera- ture. HARLINGEN, hiirning-en (Frisian Hams). A seaport of the Netherlands, in the Province of Friesland, situated on the Zuyder Zee, 16 miles west of Leeuwarden. with which it is connected by rail and canal, about 65 miles north-northeast of Amsterdam (Map: Xetherlands. D 1). The town is cut up by canals and is built on the site of a city which was swept away by an inundation in 1134. It has a school of navigation. Harlingen carries on an active trade with England and Norway, exporting the agricultural products of the Province of Friesland, and is connected by steamship lines with Amsterdam. Hull, and Lon- don. The harbor is an excellent one. recon- structed in 1870-77. and protected bv enormous dikes. Population, in 1890, 10,110; in 1900, 10,267. HARLOT'S PROGRESS. The. A group of six paintings liy Hogarth, representing the history of a fallen woman, from her first false step to her tragic end. They were completed late in 1731. Five of the paintings were burned at Fonthill in 1755 ; the remaining one is now at Gosford House, in the possession of the Earl of Wemyss. HAROiOW, George Henry (1787-1819). An English artist, born and educated in London. He was instructed by Henry De Cort. the landscape painter, Samuel Drummond. a portrait painter, and by Sir Thomas Lawrence. As the result of a quarrel with Lawrence he began to work out his own theories in defiance of academical rules. He had remarkable power of close and rapid observation, and soon had a mnnber of portraits on exhibition at the Royal Academy, although he outspokenly opposed that institution. He
