HARNACK. 578 HAROLD I. tlie biography by Voss, in llie Mathematisclie Aiiitaleit (vol. xxxii., Leipzig, 1894). HARNACK, Theodosius (1817-89). A Ger- man Lutheruu theologian, father of Adolf and Axel (q.v. ). He was born at Saint Petersburg, Kussia, January 3, 1817; was educated at Dor- pat, and taught there ( 1843-53 ) ; at Erlangen (1853-66) ; Dorpat again (1806-75), when he re- tired. He died at Dorpat, September 11, 1889. His specialty was practical theology, and he wrote the well-Icnnwn Praktische Theologie ( 1877- 78), and other books in that department. HARNED, har'ned, Vikginia (1868—). An American actress, the wife of E. H. Sothern (q.v.), to whom she was married in 1896. She was born in Boston, and when about gixteen first became a member of a traveling company. Her New York debut was in ^1 Long Lane, at the Fourteenth Street Theatre (1890'). In 1895 she appeared as Ti'ilby, in Paul Potter's dramatiza- tion. Prominent among her subsequent parts have been Lady Ursula in The Adventure of Lady Visiila (1897) : Ophelia, to Mr. Sothern's Ham- let (1900) ; Alice Eousillon in Alice of Old yincennes (1901); and Iris in A. W. Pinero's play of the same name (1902). Consult Strang, Famous Actresses of the Day in America (Bos- ton, 1899). HARNESS. See Saddlery. HARTJESS, William (1790-1869). An Eng- lish author and divine, educated at Harrow, whore he formed a life-long friendship with By- ron, and at Christ's College, Cambridge ( B.A. 1812: M.A. 181G). He entered holy orders and became known as one of the most eloquent preach- ers in London. By his efforts was built the Church of All Saints, Knightsbridge (1849), of which he was perpetual curate till his death. Many of his sermons were published : but he is now remembered chiefly for his edition of Shake- speare (8 vols., 1825). Consult L'Estrange, Lit- erary Life of Harness (London, 1871). HARNESS CASK. A large wooden cask, commonly shaped like the frustum of a cone, flattened at the sides, and used on board ship for the temporary stowage of salt provisions which are intended for issue to the crew within a day or two. Sailors call salt beef salt horse, and of course a harness is the most natural thing to be around a, horse — hence the name. HARNESSED ANTELOPE. A bushbuck of the genus Tragelaphus, so called because most of them have irregular stripings and spottings of white on a dark ground, suggesting a harness. Most of them belong to the jungles of West and South-Central Africa, and the list includes the bongo and guib (see the article Bcshbuck), the nyala and sitatunga. See Colored Plate of An- telopes. HAR'NETT, Cornelius ( 1723-81 ) . An Ameri- can patriot, born probably in Chowan County, N. C. He was among the first to oppose the Stamp Act; represented Wilmington in the Pro- vincial Assembly from 1770 to 1771 ; served in 1774 on the Wilmington Committee of Safety; and was the temporary executive of North Caro- lina after the departure of the royal Governor. He was a delegate to the Continental Congress from 1777 t« 1779. and was a signer of the Ar- ticles of Confederation. The proclamation of general pardon, issued by Governor Clinton, ex- cluded Harnett, and in 1780 he was made a pris- oner of war, and died in captivity the next year. HAR'NEY, John Hopkins (1806-67). An American journalist, born in Bourbon County, Ky. He graduated at Oxford University, Ohio, was professor of mathematics at the University of Indiana (1828) and Hanover College (1833), and then became president of a college in Louis- ville, Ky. (1839-43). Me published an Algebra for school use in 1840. For twenty-three year* (1844-67) he was editor of the Louisville Demo- crat, and made himself felt before and during the Civil War, while afterwards he played a con- ciliatory part. HARNEY, William Selby (1800-89). An American soldier, born near Haysboro, Tenn. He entered the United States Armj', and rose to be lieutenant-colonel of dragoons in 1836. He served in the Black Hawk War, in the Florida War, and in expeditions into the Everglades, and during the Mexican War was brevetted brigadier-general for gallantry at Cerro Gordo. In 1858 he was appointed to the command of the Department of Oregon, and subsequently to that of the Depart- ment of the West. In 1861, while journeying to Washington, he was taken prisoner by Confeder- ates and brought to Richmond. Upon his re- lease he issued proclamations to the people of Missouri, describing the evils certain to follow from secession. He was retired in 1863, and in 1865 was brevetted major-general. Consult Reavis, Life and Military Services of Gen. IF. <S'. Harney (Saint Louis, 1878). HAROERIS, ha'ro-e'ris, or HARUERIS ( from Hor, Horus + ucr, great, adult ) . An Egj'ptian god. Originally, he was merely a phase of the sun-god Horus, representing the sun in summer, or taking the daily course as the type of the yearly, the sun at its full height, at noon. He is regularly represented as a hawk-headed king, wearing the two crowns of Egypt. Origi- nally he was the son of Osiris and his sister Isis, conceived while his parents were in the womb of their mother, Nuet (i.e. the sky). Later, how- ever, when the two phases of the young and the adult sun were represented by two distinct deities, he became not only a brother of Harpocrates ( q.v. ) , but even a brother of Osiris and son of Nuet, the sky. and Seb (or Geb?), the earth (Plutarch: Rhea and Kronos), while other in- scriptions make him son of other forms of the old Sun (Re or Atum). He was specially the god of Southern 'Egypt. See Horus ; Harpoc- rates. HAR'OLD I., sumamed Harefoot (probably on account of his swiftness). King of England from 1037 to 1040. He is believed to have been the younger of Canute's two sons by his firat wife,' -Elfgifu. According to agreement on Ca- nute's second marriage to Emma, widow of Eth- elred II., his son by Emma was to inherit the English as well as the Danish throne; this son, Hardecanute (q.v.). was, however, in Denmark at the time of his father's death in 1035. Leo- fric. Earl of Mercia. favored the cause of Harold, while the powerful Earl Godwine espoused that of Hardecanute. Civil war was averted by a compromise, and the kingdom was divided. Har- old took London, with all the provinces north of the Thames, while the possession of Wessex was
