HAEPAXtrS. 580 HARPER'S FERRY, HARrPALUS (Lat., from Gk. "Apiralni) {v:.VM u.c.) . Kinsman and comrade of Alexander the Great. Made chief of the treasury in the expedition to Asia, lie was found guilty of em- bezzlement. Alexander pardoned him and in 330 made him custodian of the innuense Persian treasure at Ecbatana. After squandering enor- mous sums in the most reckless manner Harpalus fled to Athens (325) with 5000 talents, which he employed in purchasing the good-will of leading citizens, among them, it is said, Demosthenes. From Athens he went to Ci'ete, where he was assassinated. HAR'PER, James (1795-18C9). An Ameri- can publisher, born at Newtown, L. I. In 1811 he removed with his brother John (1797-1S75) to New York, where they learned the trade of print- ing and established the firm of J. & J. Harper, printing for booksellers and publishers. James Harper was said to be the quickest and best pressman in New York City, and the proofread- ing of John Harper had an equal reputation. They published on their own account from 1818 to 1833. when with two younger brothers. Joseph Wesley (1801-70) and Fletcher (1800-77), they formed the firm of -Harper & Brothers. The keen business sagacity and sterling honesty of James Harper soon made the firm the largest and most respected publishing house in the United States. He was among the first to issue series of liooks grouped into so-called 'libraries,' cover- ing topics ranging from Juvenile fiction to the classics, and founded Harper's Magazine in 1850, which with the two publications suggested by Fletcher Harper, Harper's Weekly, established in 1857, and Harper's Bazar, established ten years later, soon took high rank in the field of periodi- cal literature. The series was supplemente'd in 1881 by Harper's Young People, afterwards called Harper's Round Table. From 1844 to 1846 James Harper was JIayor of New York City, and was subsequently suggested for State Governor, but his distaste for public life led him to discoun- tenance all eiTorts in his behalf. In March. 18G0, he was thrown from a carriage and killed, and for many years after his death the business of the firm was conducted by younger members of the family. After the failure of the firm in 1899, it was entirely reorganized as a stock corpora- tion. HARPER, John Mtodocii (1845—). A Canadian educator. He was born at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, emigrated to Canada, and graduated at Queen's University, Kingston. His success as the head of several schools induced the Government of Prince Edward's Island to appoint him in 1887 superintendent of education for the province. Having declined this appointment, he became in 1880 rector of the Quebec High School, and subsequently inspector of superior schools for Quebec Province. His publications include many brochures and editions of text- books. HARPER, EoBERT GoonLOE (1765-1825). An American lawyer and politician, born near Fred- ericksburg, Va, He was early taken by his parents to South Carolina, and at the age of fifteen served in the volunteer militia of South Carolina during Greene's last campaign against Corn- wallis in the South. After the close of the war he entered Princeton, where he graduated in 1785. The following vear he was admitted to the bar at Charleston, S. C, and removed into the interior of the State to practice. He was an ardent Federalist, and wrote and spoke in favor of the adoption of the Federal Constitution. After several terms in the State Legislature, he was, in 1795, elected to Congress, where he served until 1801. He was a Huent speaker and a ready debater, and his able advocacy of the meas- ures of Washington and Adams won for him a high place in the councils of the Federalist Party. In 1799-1801 he was the recognized leader of his party in the House. After the expiration of his Congressional term he re- moved to Baltimore, !Md., whei'e he married the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and became one of the leading lawyers in tlie country. He served in the War of 1812 as a major-general in the Maryland militia. In 1803 he was the principal counsel for Judge Pickering in the im- peachment proceedings brought against him, and in 1800, with Luther ilartin and others, suc- cessfully conducted the defense of Justice Chase in his im|ieachment trial. He was elected United States Senator from Maryland in ISIO, but re- signed in the same year because of his candida- ture for the Federalist nomination for Vice- President, which, however, he failed to obtain. He was one of the principal promoters of the scheme for the colonization of free negroes in Africa which resulted in the establishment of Li- beria. He published: An Address on Observa- tions on the Dispute Beticeen the United States and France (1797) ; Letters on the Proceedings of Congress: and Letters to His Constituents (1801). A collection of his letters, pamphlets, and addresses was published under the title of Select Works of Robert (foodloe Harper (1814). HARPER, WiLLi.M Rainey (1856—). An American cdvicator. He was born in New Con- cord, Ohio, July 26. 1856. of Scotch-Irish an- cestrj*. He graduated at Muskingum College in 1870, and in 1875 received the doctor's degree from Yale. After teaching in the Masonic Col- lege, ilacon, Tenn., and in the preparatory depart- ment of Denison University, Granville, Ohio, he became professor of Hebrew in the Baptist Union Theological Seminai-y in Chicago in 1879. While here he perfected a system of teaching Hebrew by corres]iondence. In 1886 he was elected pro- fessor of Semitic languages in the graduate fac- ulty of Yale, and in 1889 also professor of biblical literature. From 1885 to 1891 he served as prin- cipal of the Chautauqua College of Liberal Arts, and in 1891 became principal of the Chautauqua system. In the last-mentioned year he was elected to the presidency of the newly foiuided University of Chicago, where he is also head professor of Semitic languages and literature. His pub- lished works include: Elemoits of Hebrew (2d ed. 1890) : Hebrew Vocabularies (5th ed. 1890) ; Hebrew ^[efllod and Jlanual (1885); Elements of Hebrew Siintnx (1888). He has been the founder and editor of several publications, among them The Hebrew Student and Hebraica. and is at present one of the editors of the Biblical World, the American -Journal of Theologii. and the American .Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature — all published by the University of Chicago. HARPER'S FERRY, A town in Jefferson Coimty. W. Va., 55 miles northwest of Washing- ton; on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (Map:
