HARPEKS FERRY. 581 HARP-SHELL. West Virginia, G 2). Its site, in a valley formed by Bolivar, Maryland, and Virginia or Loudoun Heights, and at the (.■onlkience of the Shenanduali Kiver with the I'otoniae, is one of remarkable beauty. The town is the seat of Storer College (Free Baptist), a normal school for negroes. Population, in 181)0, 958; in 1900, 890. Harper's Ferry is chielly notable from its con- nection with the raid of John Brown (q.v. ), who, at the head of eighteen men. seized the armory here on October 10, 1859, and held it until cap- tured on the following day by United States troops under Gen. Robert E. Lee. On April 18, 1801, immediately after ^'irginia had seceded from the Union, the small Union garrison, con- sisting then of only 45 men under Lieutenant Koger Jones, on the approach of a greatly su- perior force of 'irginians under Gen. .John Ken- ton Harper, abandoned the place, and fired the Federal arsenal, destroying about 20,000 ritles and pistols, and other property. The Confed- erates then gathered here a considerable force, which was first under Colonel .Jackson, later kno
as 'Stonewall' Jackson, and afterwards
xnider Gen. .Joseph E. Johnston, both of whom energeticallj' drilled and organized their troops. Johnston withdrew on June 15th, and soon after- wards another Union force took possession. The existence of a garrison here in September, 1862, compelled General Lee to divide the army of in- vasion which he was about to lead into Pennsyl- vania, and on the loth C^neral .Jackson, after a jjrolonged l^ombardment. captured the place, se- curing about 12.500 prisoners and considerable material of war. Consult Johnson and Buel (editors). Battles and headers of the Civil War, vols. i. and ii. (Xew York, 1887). HARPIGNIES, ar'ps'nyj', Henri Joseph (1819 — ). A l-"rench landscape painter. He was born at Valenciennes, July 28, 1819. He was a pupil of Achard in Paris, and made his debut in the Salon of 1853. His first picture which commanded attention was '"The Edge of a Wood on the Banks of the Allier," which he exhibited in the Salon of 1801. Harpignies was at first but little appreciated, but his se- riousness of purpose, true love of nature, and force of drawing at length told on both artists and public. His landscapes evince a fine sense of the structure of the land, and many of his pictures are noted for the justice of their retreating planes. His foreground and distances sustain frankly their relative positions on his canvases. .t times he displays a certain hardness of technique, but the observer is repaid by his faithfulness of drawing and his fidelity in both form and color. He is an officer of the Licgion of Honor, and has received various medals, among them the medal of honor at Paris in 1897. Among bis oils are ""View of Capri" (1855): "A Storm" (1859): '-Evening in the Campagna"( 1800) . iii the Luxembourg Museum; "The Valley of Egerie" (1870. a decorative panel for the Opera) ; "I^e Saut du loup" ( 1873) . a view- on the Allier, and Jloonrise" ( 1884) . both in the Luxembourg; "Banks of the Sarthe" (1892), "Banks of the Rhone" (1897). and "Moonrise." in the Metropolitan Museum. Xew York. Har- pignies is equally excellent in his water-colors, among which may be mentioned: "Garden of the Villa Medici." Rome; "I^e Pont-Neuf" (a bridge in Paris) ; "L'heure de la becasse." HARPIN, ar'paN'. An unscrupulous finan- cier in MoH&re's Vomtcssc d't'Jscaibagnas. The character is a satire on a notorious class during the age of Louis XIV. HARPOC'RATES (Lat., from Gk. 'ApiroK. paTri(;, Harpokrates) . The name given by the Greeks to a form of the ancient Egyptian god Horus. The Egjptian name, llar-pukhrud, means "Horus, the child,' in opposition to Haroeris (q.v.), 'the adult Horus.' Therefore, this god is usually depicted as a naked babe sucking his linger and wearing the plaited side lock, the sign of youth, at the right side of his head. Some- times an amulet in the shape of a heart hangs around his neck ; he usually wears one or both of the crowns of Egj'pt. Often he is represented as sitting on or emerging from a lotus-flower, the divine flower growing in the primeval, chaotic waters from W'hich the sun-god first arose. "hether he was originally conceived as the young sun rising in the morning, as the sun at the winter solstice, or as the sun appearing in the primeval abyss, cannot well be deter- mined ; all three views are maintained. In Greek times the two forms of Horus, Harpoc- rates and Haroeris, were so strongly diH'erentiat- ed as to become two distinct deities, so that Har- pocrates was understood as a -posthumous brother of the 'elder Horus,' of w-eaklj', immature form. The Greeks added the strange misconception of taking Harpocrates for a god of reticence, ex- ])laining his gesture with the finger as a sign demanding silence. Together with the other divinities of the Osirian circle, Harpocrates be- came very popular at Rome, but the continued misinterpretations of his cult (from a god of reticence he became a giver of oracles by dreams, etc.) seem to have led to abuses, and his worship was forbidden in the consulship of Gabinius, though it became very popular again in the days of Pliny. As a distinctive divinity Harpocrates repre- sents one of the youngest personalities of the Egyptian pantheon. He is often identified with Har-sam-toui, 'Horus, uniting both countries,' more rarely with Khonsu, Atom, etc. Harpocra- tes was worshiped at Denderah, Esneh, Thebes; he had seven differentiated forms at Hermonthis. See also HABoiiRis. HAR'POCRA'TION(Lat., from Gk. 'ApTroKpa- Tiur, [larpokruliOn) . Valerius. A Greek gram- marian and lexicographer of Egypt, respecting w-hose personal history nothing is known. Some have considered him to be the Greek instructor of the Emperor L. Verus mentioned by .Jidius Capitolinus, while others suppose that he lived some time later, oecause several passages are found in his works taken from Athenieus, who is supposed to have flourished about A.n. 200. Harpocration is the author of a valuable lexicon to the ten Attic orators, which contains much infoi-mation on the law, history, antiquities, and general literature of Athens. The value of this work is enhanced by the fact that all the au- thorities from which it has been compiled are lost. Harpocration is also the author of a lost work entitled Collection of Flowery Extracts i'Avftt/ptlw Sui'n; w}v/). HARP -SHELL (so called because the ribbing of the shell resembles the strings of a harp). A gastropod moUusk of the family Harpidoe. hav-
